Update audio renderer to REV13: Add support for compressor statistics and volume reset (#7372)

* Update audio renderer to REV13: Add support for compressor statistics and volume reset

* XML docs

* Disable stats reset

* Wrong comment

* Fix more XML docs

* PR feedback

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ body:
     attributes:
       label: Log file
       description: A log file will help our developers to better diagnose and fix the issue.
-      placeholder: Logs files can be found under "Logs" folder in Ryujinx program folder. You can drag and drop the log on to the text area
+      placeholder: Logs files can be found under "Logs" folder in Ryujinx program folder. They can also be accessed by opening Ryujinx, then going to File > Open Logs Folder. You can drag and drop the log on to the text area (do not copy paste).
     validations:
       required: true
   - type: input
@@ -83,4 +83,4 @@ body:
         - Additional info about your environment:
         - Any other information relevant to your issue.
     validations:
-      required: false
+      required: false

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/Command/CompressorCommand.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Effect;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.State;
+using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter.Effect;
 using Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Effect;
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 {
@@ -21,18 +23,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
         public CompressorParameter Parameter => _parameter;
         public Memory<CompressorState> State { get; }
+        public Memory<EffectResultState> ResultState { get; }
         public ushort[] OutputBufferIndices { get; }
         public ushort[] InputBufferIndices { get; }
         public bool IsEffectEnabled { get; }
 
         private CompressorParameter _parameter;
 
-        public CompressorCommand(uint bufferOffset, CompressorParameter parameter, Memory<CompressorState> state, bool isEnabled, int nodeId)
+        public CompressorCommand(uint bufferOffset, CompressorParameter parameter, Memory<CompressorState> state, Memory<EffectResultState> resultState, bool isEnabled, int nodeId)
         {
             Enabled = true;
             NodeId = nodeId;
             _parameter = parameter;
             State = state;
+            ResultState = resultState;
 
             IsEffectEnabled = isEnabled;
 
@@ -71,9 +75,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
             if (IsEffectEnabled && _parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
             {
-                Span<IntPtr> inputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[Parameter.ChannelCount];
-                Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[Parameter.ChannelCount];
-                Span<float> channelInput = stackalloc float[Parameter.ChannelCount];
+                if (!ResultState.IsEmpty && _parameter.StatisticsReset)
+                {
+                    ref CompressorStatistics statistics = ref MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, CompressorStatistics>(ResultState.Span[0].SpecificData)[0];
+
+                    statistics.Reset(_parameter.ChannelCount);
+                }
+
+                Span<IntPtr> inputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[_parameter.ChannelCount];
+                Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[_parameter.ChannelCount];
+                Span<float> channelInput = stackalloc float[_parameter.ChannelCount];
                 ExponentialMovingAverage inputMovingAverage = state.InputMovingAverage;
                 float unknown4 = state.Unknown4;
                 ExponentialMovingAverage compressionGainAverage = state.CompressionGainAverage;
@@ -92,7 +103,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
                         channelInput[channelIndex] = *((float*)inputBuffers[channelIndex] + sampleIndex);
                     }
 
-                    float newMean = inputMovingAverage.Update(FloatingPointHelper.MeanSquare(channelInput), _parameter.InputGain);
+                    float mean = FloatingPointHelper.MeanSquare(channelInput);
+                    float newMean = inputMovingAverage.Update(mean, _parameter.InputGain);
                     float y = FloatingPointHelper.Log10(newMean) * 10.0f;
                     float z = 1.0f;
 
@@ -111,7 +123,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
                         if (y >= state.Unknown14)
                         {
-                            tmpGain = ((1.0f / Parameter.Ratio) - 1.0f) * (y - Parameter.Threshold);
+                            tmpGain = ((1.0f / _parameter.Ratio) - 1.0f) * (y - _parameter.Threshold);
                         }
                         else
                         {
@@ -126,7 +138,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
                     if ((unknown4 - z) <= 0.08f)
                     {
-                        compressionEmaAlpha = Parameter.ReleaseCoefficient;
+                        compressionEmaAlpha = _parameter.ReleaseCoefficient;
 
                         if ((unknown4 - z) >= -0.08f)
                         {
@@ -140,18 +152,31 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        compressionEmaAlpha = Parameter.AttackCoefficient;
+                        compressionEmaAlpha = _parameter.AttackCoefficient;
                     }
 
                     float compressionGain = compressionGainAverage.Update(z, compressionEmaAlpha);
 
-                    for (int channelIndex = 0; channelIndex < Parameter.ChannelCount; channelIndex++)
+                    for (int channelIndex = 0; channelIndex < _parameter.ChannelCount; channelIndex++)
                     {
                         *((float*)outputBuffers[channelIndex] + sampleIndex) = channelInput[channelIndex] * compressionGain * state.OutputGain;
                     }
 
                     unknown4 = unknown4New;
                     previousCompressionEmaAlpha = compressionEmaAlpha;
+
+                    if (!ResultState.IsEmpty)
+                    {
+                        ref CompressorStatistics statistics = ref MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, CompressorStatistics>(ResultState.Span[0].SpecificData)[0];
+
+                        statistics.MinimumGain = MathF.Min(statistics.MinimumGain, compressionGain * state.OutputGain);
+                        statistics.MaximumMean = MathF.Max(statistics.MaximumMean, mean);
+
+                        for (int channelIndex = 0; channelIndex < _parameter.ChannelCount; channelIndex++)
+                        {
+                            statistics.LastSamples[channelIndex] = MathF.Abs(channelInput[channelIndex] * (1f / 32768f));
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
 
                 state.InputMovingAverage = inputMovingAverage;
@@ -161,7 +186,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
             }
             else
             {
-                for (int i = 0; i < Parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
+                for (int i = 0; i < _parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
                 {
                     if (InputBufferIndices[i] != OutputBufferIndices[i])
                     {

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/Command/LimiterCommandVersion1.cs

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
             InputBufferIndices = new ushort[Constants.VoiceChannelCountMax];
             OutputBufferIndices = new ushort[Constants.VoiceChannelCountMax];
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < Parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < _parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
             {
-                InputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Input[i]);
-                OutputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Output[i]);
+                InputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + _parameter.Input[i]);
+                OutputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + _parameter.Output[i]);
             }
         }
 
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
             if (IsEffectEnabled)
             {
-                if (Parameter.Status == UsageState.Invalid)
+                if (_parameter.Status == UsageState.Invalid)
                 {
                     state = new LimiterState(ref _parameter, WorkBuffer);
                 }
-                else if (Parameter.Status == UsageState.New)
+                else if (_parameter.Status == UsageState.New)
                 {
                     LimiterState.UpdateParameter(ref _parameter);
                 }
@@ -66,56 +66,56 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
         private unsafe void ProcessLimiter(CommandList context, ref LimiterState state)
         {
-            Debug.Assert(Parameter.IsChannelCountValid());
+            Debug.Assert(_parameter.IsChannelCountValid());
 
-            if (IsEffectEnabled && Parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
+            if (IsEffectEnabled && _parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
             {
-                Span<IntPtr> inputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[Parameter.ChannelCount];
-                Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[Parameter.ChannelCount];
+                Span<IntPtr> inputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[_parameter.ChannelCount];
+                Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[_parameter.ChannelCount];
 
-                for (int i = 0; i < Parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
+                for (int i = 0; i < _parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
                 {
                     inputBuffers[i] = context.GetBufferPointer(InputBufferIndices[i]);
                     outputBuffers[i] = context.GetBufferPointer(OutputBufferIndices[i]);
                 }
 
-                for (int channelIndex = 0; channelIndex < Parameter.ChannelCount; channelIndex++)
+                for (int channelIndex = 0; channelIndex < _parameter.ChannelCount; channelIndex++)
                 {
                     for (int sampleIndex = 0; sampleIndex < context.SampleCount; sampleIndex++)
                     {
                         float rawInputSample = *((float*)inputBuffers[channelIndex] + sampleIndex);
 
-                        float inputSample = (rawInputSample / short.MaxValue) * Parameter.InputGain;
+                        float inputSample = (rawInputSample / short.MaxValue) * _parameter.InputGain;
 
                         float sampleInputMax = Math.Abs(inputSample);
 
-                        float inputCoefficient = Parameter.ReleaseCoefficient;
+                        float inputCoefficient = _parameter.ReleaseCoefficient;
 
                         if (sampleInputMax > state.DetectorAverage[channelIndex].Read())
                         {
-                            inputCoefficient = Parameter.AttackCoefficient;
+                            inputCoefficient = _parameter.AttackCoefficient;
                         }
 
                         float detectorValue = state.DetectorAverage[channelIndex].Update(sampleInputMax, inputCoefficient);
                         float attenuation = 1.0f;
 
-                        if (detectorValue > Parameter.Threshold)
+                        if (detectorValue > _parameter.Threshold)
                         {
-                            attenuation = Parameter.Threshold / detectorValue;
+                            attenuation = _parameter.Threshold / detectorValue;
                         }
 
-                        float outputCoefficient = Parameter.ReleaseCoefficient;
+                        float outputCoefficient = _parameter.ReleaseCoefficient;
 
                         if (state.CompressionGainAverage[channelIndex].Read() > attenuation)
                         {
-                            outputCoefficient = Parameter.AttackCoefficient;
+                            outputCoefficient = _parameter.AttackCoefficient;
                         }
 
                         float compressionGain = state.CompressionGainAverage[channelIndex].Update(attenuation, outputCoefficient);
 
-                        ref float delayedSample = ref state.DelayedSampleBuffer[channelIndex * Parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMax + state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex]];
+                        ref float delayedSample = ref state.DelayedSampleBuffer[channelIndex * _parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMax + state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex]];
 
-                        float outputSample = delayedSample * compressionGain * Parameter.OutputGain;
+                        float outputSample = delayedSample * compressionGain * _parameter.OutputGain;
 
                         *((float*)outputBuffers[channelIndex] + sampleIndex) = outputSample * short.MaxValue;
 
@@ -123,16 +123,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
                         state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex]++;
 
-                        while (state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex] >= Parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMin)
+                        while (state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex] >= _parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMin)
                         {
-                            state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex] -= Parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMin;
+                            state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex] -= _parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMin;
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                for (int i = 0; i < Parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
+                for (int i = 0; i < _parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
                 {
                     if (InputBufferIndices[i] != OutputBufferIndices[i])
                     {

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Dsp/Command/LimiterCommandVersion2.cs

@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
             InputBufferIndices = new ushort[Constants.VoiceChannelCountMax];
             OutputBufferIndices = new ushort[Constants.VoiceChannelCountMax];
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < Parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
+            for (int i = 0; i < _parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
             {
-                InputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Input[i]);
-                OutputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + Parameter.Output[i]);
+                InputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + _parameter.Input[i]);
+                OutputBufferIndices[i] = (ushort)(bufferOffset + _parameter.Output[i]);
             }
         }
 
@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
             if (IsEffectEnabled)
             {
-                if (Parameter.Status == UsageState.Invalid)
+                if (_parameter.Status == UsageState.Invalid)
                 {
                     state = new LimiterState(ref _parameter, WorkBuffer);
                 }
-                else if (Parameter.Status == UsageState.New)
+                else if (_parameter.Status == UsageState.New)
                 {
                     LimiterState.UpdateParameter(ref _parameter);
                 }
@@ -77,63 +77,63 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
         private unsafe void ProcessLimiter(CommandList context, ref LimiterState state)
         {
-            Debug.Assert(Parameter.IsChannelCountValid());
+            Debug.Assert(_parameter.IsChannelCountValid());
 
-            if (IsEffectEnabled && Parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
+            if (IsEffectEnabled && _parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
             {
-                if (!ResultState.IsEmpty && Parameter.StatisticsReset)
+                if (!ResultState.IsEmpty && _parameter.StatisticsReset)
                 {
                     ref LimiterStatistics statistics = ref MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, LimiterStatistics>(ResultState.Span[0].SpecificData)[0];
 
                     statistics.Reset();
                 }
 
-                Span<IntPtr> inputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[Parameter.ChannelCount];
-                Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[Parameter.ChannelCount];
+                Span<IntPtr> inputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[_parameter.ChannelCount];
+                Span<IntPtr> outputBuffers = stackalloc IntPtr[_parameter.ChannelCount];
 
-                for (int i = 0; i < Parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
+                for (int i = 0; i < _parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
                 {
                     inputBuffers[i] = context.GetBufferPointer(InputBufferIndices[i]);
                     outputBuffers[i] = context.GetBufferPointer(OutputBufferIndices[i]);
                 }
 
-                for (int channelIndex = 0; channelIndex < Parameter.ChannelCount; channelIndex++)
+                for (int channelIndex = 0; channelIndex < _parameter.ChannelCount; channelIndex++)
                 {
                     for (int sampleIndex = 0; sampleIndex < context.SampleCount; sampleIndex++)
                     {
                         float rawInputSample = *((float*)inputBuffers[channelIndex] + sampleIndex);
 
-                        float inputSample = (rawInputSample / short.MaxValue) * Parameter.InputGain;
+                        float inputSample = (rawInputSample / short.MaxValue) * _parameter.InputGain;
 
                         float sampleInputMax = Math.Abs(inputSample);
 
-                        float inputCoefficient = Parameter.ReleaseCoefficient;
+                        float inputCoefficient = _parameter.ReleaseCoefficient;
 
                         if (sampleInputMax > state.DetectorAverage[channelIndex].Read())
                         {
-                            inputCoefficient = Parameter.AttackCoefficient;
+                            inputCoefficient = _parameter.AttackCoefficient;
                         }
 
                         float detectorValue = state.DetectorAverage[channelIndex].Update(sampleInputMax, inputCoefficient);
                         float attenuation = 1.0f;
 
-                        if (detectorValue > Parameter.Threshold)
+                        if (detectorValue > _parameter.Threshold)
                         {
-                            attenuation = Parameter.Threshold / detectorValue;
+                            attenuation = _parameter.Threshold / detectorValue;
                         }
 
-                        float outputCoefficient = Parameter.ReleaseCoefficient;
+                        float outputCoefficient = _parameter.ReleaseCoefficient;
 
                         if (state.CompressionGainAverage[channelIndex].Read() > attenuation)
                         {
-                            outputCoefficient = Parameter.AttackCoefficient;
+                            outputCoefficient = _parameter.AttackCoefficient;
                         }
 
                         float compressionGain = state.CompressionGainAverage[channelIndex].Update(attenuation, outputCoefficient);
 
-                        ref float delayedSample = ref state.DelayedSampleBuffer[channelIndex * Parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMax + state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex]];
+                        ref float delayedSample = ref state.DelayedSampleBuffer[channelIndex * _parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMax + state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex]];
 
-                        float outputSample = delayedSample * compressionGain * Parameter.OutputGain;
+                        float outputSample = delayedSample * compressionGain * _parameter.OutputGain;
 
                         *((float*)outputBuffers[channelIndex] + sampleIndex) = outputSample * short.MaxValue;
 
@@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
 
                         state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex]++;
 
-                        while (state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex] >= Parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMin)
+                        while (state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex] >= _parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMin)
                         {
-                            state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex] -= Parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMin;
+                            state.DelayedSampleBufferPosition[channelIndex] -= _parameter.DelayBufferSampleCountMin;
                         }
 
                         if (!ResultState.IsEmpty)
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Dsp.Command
             }
             else
             {
-                for (int i = 0; i < Parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
+                for (int i = 0; i < _parameter.ChannelCount; i++)
                 {
                     if (InputBufferIndices[i] != OutputBufferIndices[i])
                     {

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Parameter/Effect/CompressorParameter.cs

@@ -90,9 +90,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter.Effect
         public bool MakeupGainEnabled;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Reserved/padding.
+        /// Indicate if the compressor effect should output statistics.
         /// </summary>
-        private Array2<byte> _reserved;
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
+        public bool StatisticsEnabled;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicate to the DSP that the user did a statistics reset.
+        /// </summary>
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
+        public bool StatisticsReset;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Check if the <see cref="ChannelCount"/> is valid.

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Parameter/Effect/CompressorStatistics.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter.Effect
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Effect result state for <seealso cref="Common.EffectType.Compressor"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
+    public struct CompressorStatistics
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Maximum input mean value since last reset.
+        /// </summary>
+        public float MaximumMean;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Minimum output gain since last reset.
+        /// </summary>
+        public float MinimumGain;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Last processed input sample, per channel.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Array6<float> LastSamples;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reset the statistics.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="channelCount">Number of channels to reset.</param>
+        public void Reset(ushort channelCount)
+        {
+            MaximumMean = 0.0f;
+            MinimumGain = 1.0f;
+            LastSamples.AsSpan()[..channelCount].Clear();
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Parameter/ISplitterDestinationInParameter.cs

@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter
         /// </summary>
         bool IsUsed { get; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set to true to force resetting the previous mix volumes.
+        /// </summary>
+        bool ResetPrevVolume { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Mix buffer volumes.
         /// </summary>

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Parameter/SplitterDestinationInParameterVersion1.cs

@@ -37,10 +37,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter
         [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
         public bool IsUsed;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set to true to force resetting the previous mix volumes.
+        /// </summary>
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
+        public bool ResetPrevVolume;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reserved/padding.
         /// </summary>
-        private unsafe fixed byte _reserved[3];
+        private unsafe fixed byte _reserved[2];
 
         [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = sizeof(float) * Constants.MixBufferCountMax, Pack = 1)]
         private struct MixArray { }
@@ -58,6 +64,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter
         readonly Array2<BiquadFilterParameter> ISplitterDestinationInParameter.BiquadFilters => default;
 
         readonly bool ISplitterDestinationInParameter.IsUsed => IsUsed;
+        readonly bool ISplitterDestinationInParameter.ResetPrevVolume => ResetPrevVolume;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The expected constant of any input header.

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Parameter/SplitterDestinationInParameterVersion2.cs

@@ -42,10 +42,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter
         [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
         public bool IsUsed;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set to true to force resetting the previous mix volumes.
+        /// </summary>
+        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I1)]
+        public bool ResetPrevVolume;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Reserved/padding.
         /// </summary>
-        private unsafe fixed byte _reserved[11];
+        private unsafe fixed byte _reserved[10];
 
         [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = sizeof(float) * Constants.MixBufferCountMax, Pack = 1)]
         private struct MixArray { }
@@ -63,6 +69,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Parameter
         readonly Array2<BiquadFilterParameter> ISplitterDestinationInParameter.BiquadFilters => BiquadFilters;
 
         readonly bool ISplitterDestinationInParameter.IsUsed => IsUsed;
+        readonly bool ISplitterDestinationInParameter.ResetPrevVolume => ResetPrevVolume;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The expected constant of any input header.

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/BehaviourContext.cs

@@ -108,10 +108,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
         /// <remarks>This was added in system update 17.0.0</remarks>
         public const int Revision12 = 12 << 24;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// REV13:
+        /// The compressor effect can now output statistics.
+        /// Splitter destinations now explicitly reset the previous mix volume, instead of doing so on first use.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>This was added in system update 18.0.0</remarks>
+        public const int Revision13 = 13 << 24;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Last revision supported by the implementation.
         /// </summary>
-        public const int LastRevision = Revision12;
+        public const int LastRevision = Revision13;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Target revision magic supported by the implementation.
@@ -384,6 +392,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             return CheckFeatureSupported(UserRevision, BaseRevisionMagic + Revision12);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check if the audio renderer should support explicit previous mix volume reset on splitter.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if the audio renderer support explicit previous mix volume reset on splitter</returns>
+        public bool IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported()
+        {
+            return CheckFeatureSupported(UserRevision, BaseRevisionMagic + Revision13);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Get the version of the <see cref="ICommandProcessingTimeEstimator"/>.
         /// </summary>

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandBuffer.cs

@@ -583,11 +583,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             }
         }
 
-        public void GenerateCompressorEffect(uint bufferOffset, CompressorParameter parameter, Memory<CompressorState> state, bool isEnabled, int nodeId)
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generate a new <see cref="CompressorCommand"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bufferOffset">The target buffer offset.</param>
+        /// <param name="parameter">The compressor parameter.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">The compressor state.</param>
+        /// <param name="effectResultState">The DSP effect result state.</param>
+        /// <param name="isEnabled">Set to true if the effect should be active.</param>
+        /// <param name="nodeId">The node id associated to this command.</param>
+        public void GenerateCompressorEffect(uint bufferOffset, CompressorParameter parameter, Memory<CompressorState> state, Memory<EffectResultState> effectResultState, bool isEnabled, int nodeId)
         {
             if (parameter.IsChannelCountValid())
             {
-                CompressorCommand command = new(bufferOffset, parameter, state, isEnabled, nodeId);
+                CompressorCommand command = new(bufferOffset, parameter, state, effectResultState, isEnabled, nodeId);
 
                 command.EstimatedProcessingTime = _commandProcessingTimeEstimator.Estimate(command);
 

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandGenerator.cs

@@ -735,14 +735,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             }
         }
 
-        private void GenerateCompressorEffect(uint bufferOffset, CompressorEffect effect, int nodeId)
+        private void GenerateCompressorEffect(uint bufferOffset, CompressorEffect effect, int nodeId, int effectId)
         {
             Debug.Assert(effect.Type == EffectType.Compressor);
 
+            Memory<EffectResultState> dspResultState;
+
+            if (effect.Parameter.StatisticsEnabled)
+            {
+                dspResultState = _effectContext.GetDspStateMemory(effectId);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                dspResultState = Memory<EffectResultState>.Empty;
+            }
+
             _commandBuffer.GenerateCompressorEffect(
                 bufferOffset,
                 effect.Parameter,
                 effect.State,
+                dspResultState,
                 effect.IsEnabled,
                 nodeId);
         }
@@ -795,7 +807,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
                     GenerateCaptureEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (CaptureBufferEffect)effect, nodeId);
                     break;
                 case EffectType.Compressor:
-                    GenerateCompressorEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (CompressorEffect)effect, nodeId);
+                    GenerateCompressorEffect(mix.BufferOffset, (CompressorEffect)effect, nodeId, effectId);
                     break;
                 default:
                     throw new NotImplementedException($"Unsupported effect type {effect.Type}");

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/CommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion5.cs

@@ -169,14 +169,28 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
             {
                 if (command.Enabled)
                 {
-                    return command.Parameter.ChannelCount switch
+                    if (command.Parameter.StatisticsEnabled)
                     {
-                        1 => 34431,
-                        2 => 44253,
-                        4 => 63827,
-                        6 => 83361,
-                        _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}"),
-                    };
+                        return command.Parameter.ChannelCount switch
+                        {
+                            1 => 22100,
+                            2 => 33211,
+                            4 => 41587,
+                            6 => 58819,
+                            _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}"),
+                        };
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        return command.Parameter.ChannelCount switch
+                        {
+                            1 => 19052,
+                            2 => 29852,
+                            4 => 37904,
+                            6 => 55020,
+                            _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}"),
+                        };
+                    }
                 }
 
                 return command.Parameter.ChannelCount switch
@@ -191,14 +205,28 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server
 
             if (command.Enabled)
             {
-                return command.Parameter.ChannelCount switch
+                if (command.Parameter.StatisticsEnabled)
                 {
-                    1 => 51095,
-                    2 => 65693,
-                    4 => 95383,
-                    6 => 124510,
-                    _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}"),
-                };
+                    return command.Parameter.ChannelCount switch
+                    {
+                        1 => 32518,
+                        2 => 49102,
+                        4 => 61685,
+                        6 => 87250,
+                        _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}"),
+                    };
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return command.Parameter.ChannelCount switch
+                    {
+                        1 => 27963,
+                        2 => 44016,
+                        4 => 56183,
+                        6 => 81862,
+                        _ => throw new NotImplementedException($"{command.Parameter.ChannelCount}"),
+                    };
+                }
             }
 
             return command.Parameter.ChannelCount switch

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/Effect/CompressorEffect.cs

@@ -62,6 +62,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Effect
             UpdateUsageStateForCommandGeneration();
 
             Parameter.Status = UsageState.Enabled;
+            Parameter.StatisticsReset = false;
+        }
+
+        public override void InitializeResultState(ref EffectResultState state)
+        {
+            ref CompressorStatistics statistics = ref MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, CompressorStatistics>(state.SpecificData)[0];
+
+            statistics.Reset(Parameter.ChannelCount);
+        }
+
+        public override void UpdateResultState(ref EffectResultState destState, ref EffectResultState srcState)
+        {
+            destState = srcState;
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/Splitter/SplitterContext.cs

@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Splitter
         /// </summary>
         public bool IsBugFixed { get; private set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// If set to true, the previous mix volume is explicitly resetted using the input parameter, instead of implicitly on first use.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported { get; private set; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Initialize <see cref="SplitterContext"/>.
         /// </summary>
@@ -139,6 +144,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Splitter
                 }
             }
 
+            IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported = behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported();
+
             SplitterState.InitializeSplitters(splitters.Span);
 
             Setup(splitters, splitterDestinationsV1, splitterDestinationsV2, behaviourContext.IsSplitterBugFixed());
@@ -277,7 +284,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Splitter
                 {
                     SplitterDestination destination = GetDestination(parameter.Id);
 
-                    destination.Update(parameter);
+                    destination.Update(parameter, IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported);
                 }
 
                 return true;

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/Splitter/SplitterDestination.cs

@@ -184,15 +184,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Splitter
         /// Update the splitter destination data from user parameter.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="parameter">The user parameter.</param>
-        public void Update<T>(in T parameter) where T : ISplitterDestinationInParameter
+        /// <param name="isPrevVolumeResetSupported">Indicates that the audio renderer revision in use supports explicitly resetting the volume.</param>
+        public void Update<T>(in T parameter, bool isPrevVolumeResetSupported) where T : ISplitterDestinationInParameter
         {
             if (Unsafe.IsNullRef(ref _v2))
             {
-                _v1.Update(parameter);
+                _v1.Update(parameter, isPrevVolumeResetSupported);
             }
             else
             {
-                _v2.Update(parameter);
+                _v2.Update(parameter, isPrevVolumeResetSupported);
             }
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/Splitter/SplitterDestinationVersion1.cs

@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Splitter
         /// Update the <see cref="SplitterDestinationVersion1"/> from user parameter.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="parameter">The user parameter.</param>
-        public void Update<T>(in T parameter) where T : ISplitterDestinationInParameter
+        /// <param name="isPrevVolumeResetSupported">Indicates that the audio renderer revision in use supports explicitly resetting the volume.</param>
+        public void Update<T>(in T parameter, bool isPrevVolumeResetSupported) where T : ISplitterDestinationInParameter
         {
             Debug.Assert(Id == parameter.Id);
 
@@ -103,7 +104,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Splitter
 
                 parameter.MixBufferVolume.CopyTo(MixBufferVolume);
 
-                if (!IsUsed && parameter.IsUsed)
+                bool resetPrevVolume = isPrevVolumeResetSupported ? parameter.ResetPrevVolume : !IsUsed && parameter.IsUsed;
+                if (resetPrevVolume)
                 {
                     MixBufferVolume.CopyTo(PreviousMixBufferVolume);
 

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/Splitter/SplitterDestinationVersion2.cs

@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Splitter
         /// Update the <see cref="SplitterDestinationVersion2"/> from user parameter.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="parameter">The user parameter.</param>
-        public void Update<T>(in T parameter) where T : ISplitterDestinationInParameter
+        /// <param name="isPrevVolumeResetSupported">Indicates that the audio renderer revision in use supports explicitly resetting the volume.</param>
+        public void Update<T>(in T parameter, bool isPrevVolumeResetSupported) where T : ISplitterDestinationInParameter
         {
             Debug.Assert(Id == parameter.Id);
 
@@ -110,7 +111,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Renderer.Server.Splitter
 
                 _biquadFilters = parameter.BiquadFilters;
 
-                if (!IsUsed && parameter.IsUsed)
+                bool resetPrevVolume = isPrevVolumeResetSupported ? parameter.ResetPrevVolume : !IsUsed && parameter.IsUsed;
+                if (resetPrevVolume)
                 {
                     MixBufferVolume.CopyTo(PreviousMixBufferVolume);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Capabilities.cs

@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 
         public readonly int GatherBiasPrecision;
 
+        public readonly ulong MaximumGpuMemory;
+
         public Capabilities(
             TargetApi api,
             string vendorName,
@@ -131,7 +133,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             int shaderSubgroupSize,
             int storageBufferOffsetAlignment,
             int textureBufferOffsetAlignment,
-            int gatherBiasPrecision)
+            int gatherBiasPrecision,
+            ulong maximumGpuMemory)
         {
             Api = api;
             VendorName = vendorName;
@@ -193,6 +196,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
             StorageBufferOffsetAlignment = storageBufferOffsetAlignment;
             TextureBufferOffsetAlignment = textureBufferOffsetAlignment;
             GatherBiasPrecision = gatherBiasPrecision;
+            MaximumGpuMemory = maximumGpuMemory;
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/IImageArray.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
     public interface IImageArray : IDisposable
     {
-        void SetFormats(int index, Format[] imageFormats);
         void SetImages(int index, ITexture[] images);
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/IPipeline.cs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 
         void SetIndexBuffer(BufferRange buffer, IndexType type);
 
-        void SetImage(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture, Format imageFormat);
+        void SetImage(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture);
         void SetImageArray(ShaderStage stage, int binding, IImageArray array);
         void SetImageArraySeparate(ShaderStage stage, int setIndex, IImageArray array);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/ITexture.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System.Buffers;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
 {
@@ -18,30 +18,30 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         PinnedSpan<byte> GetData(int layer, int level);
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the texture data. The data passed as a <see cref="IMemoryOwner{Byte}" /> will be disposed when
+        /// Sets the texture data. The data passed as a <see cref="MemoryOwner{Byte}" /> will be disposed when
         /// the operation completes.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="data">Texture data bytes</param>
-        void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data);
+        void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data);
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the texture data. The data passed as a <see cref="IMemoryOwner{Byte}" /> will be disposed when
+        /// Sets the texture data. The data passed as a <see cref="MemoryOwner{Byte}" /> will be disposed when
         /// the operation completes.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="data">Texture data bytes</param>
         /// <param name="layer">Target layer</param>
         /// <param name="level">Target level</param>
-        void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level);
+        void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level);
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the texture data. The data passed as a <see cref="IMemoryOwner{Byte}" /> will be disposed when
+        /// Sets the texture data. The data passed as a <see cref="MemoryOwner{Byte}" /> will be disposed when
         /// the operation completes.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="data">Texture data bytes</param>
         /// <param name="layer">Target layer</param>
         /// <param name="level">Target level</param>
         /// <param name="region">Target sub-region of the texture to update</param>
-        void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region);
+        void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region);
 
         void SetStorage(BufferRange buffer);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/CommandHelper.cs

@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             Register<CounterEventFlushCommand>(CommandType.CounterEventFlush);
 
             Register<ImageArrayDisposeCommand>(CommandType.ImageArrayDispose);
-            Register<ImageArraySetFormatsCommand>(CommandType.ImageArraySetFormats);
             Register<ImageArraySetImagesCommand>(CommandType.ImageArraySetImages);
 
             Register<ProgramDisposeCommand>(CommandType.ProgramDispose);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/CommandType.cs

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
         CounterEventFlush,
 
         ImageArrayDispose,
-        ImageArraySetFormats,
         ImageArraySetImages,
 
         ProgramDispose,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/ImageArray/ImageArraySetFormatsCommand.cs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.ImageArray
-{
-    struct ImageArraySetFormatsCommand : IGALCommand, IGALCommand<ImageArraySetFormatsCommand>
-    {
-        public readonly CommandType CommandType => CommandType.ImageArraySetFormats;
-        private TableRef<ThreadedImageArray> _imageArray;
-        private int _index;
-        private TableRef<Format[]> _imageFormats;
-
-        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedImageArray> imageArray, int index, TableRef<Format[]> imageFormats)
-        {
-            _imageArray = imageArray;
-            _index = index;
-            _imageFormats = imageFormats;
-        }
-
-        public static void Run(ref ImageArraySetFormatsCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
-        {
-            ThreadedImageArray imageArray = command._imageArray.Get(threaded);
-            imageArray.Base.SetFormats(command._index, command._imageFormats.Get(threaded));
-        }
-    }
-}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/SetImageCommand.cs

@@ -10,19 +10,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands
         private ShaderStage _stage;
         private int _binding;
         private TableRef<ITexture> _texture;
-        private Format _imageFormat;
 
-        public void Set(ShaderStage stage, int binding, TableRef<ITexture> texture, Format imageFormat)
+        public void Set(ShaderStage stage, int binding, TableRef<ITexture> texture)
         {
             _stage = stage;
             _binding = binding;
             _texture = texture;
-            _imageFormat = imageFormat;
         }
 
         public static void Run(ref SetImageCommand command, ThreadedRenderer threaded, IRenderer renderer)
         {
-            renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(command._stage, command._binding, command._texture.GetAs<ThreadedTexture>(threaded)?.Base, command._imageFormat);
+            renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(command._stage, command._binding, command._texture.GetAs<ThreadedTexture>(threaded)?.Base);
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Texture/TextureSetDataCommand.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-using System.Buffers;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Texture
 {
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Texture
     {
         public readonly CommandType CommandType => CommandType.TextureSetData;
         private TableRef<ThreadedTexture> _texture;
-        private TableRef<IMemoryOwner<byte>> _data;
+        private TableRef<MemoryOwner<byte>> _data;
 
-        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedTexture> texture, TableRef<IMemoryOwner<byte>> data)
+        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedTexture> texture, TableRef<MemoryOwner<byte>> data)
         {
             _texture = texture;
             _data = data;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Texture/TextureSetDataSliceCommand.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-using System.Buffers;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Texture
 {
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Texture
     {
         public readonly CommandType CommandType => CommandType.TextureSetDataSlice;
         private TableRef<ThreadedTexture> _texture;
-        private TableRef<IMemoryOwner<byte>> _data;
+        private TableRef<MemoryOwner<byte>> _data;
         private int _layer;
         private int _level;
 
-        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedTexture> texture, TableRef<IMemoryOwner<byte>> data, int layer, int level)
+        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedTexture> texture, TableRef<MemoryOwner<byte>> data, int layer, int level)
         {
             _texture = texture;
             _data = data;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Commands/Texture/TextureSetDataSliceRegionCommand.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources;
-using System.Buffers;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Texture
 {
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Texture
     {
         public readonly CommandType CommandType => CommandType.TextureSetDataSliceRegion;
         private TableRef<ThreadedTexture> _texture;
-        private TableRef<IMemoryOwner<byte>> _data;
+        private TableRef<MemoryOwner<byte>> _data;
         private int _layer;
         private int _level;
         private Rectangle<int> _region;
 
-        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedTexture> texture, TableRef<IMemoryOwner<byte>> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
+        public void Set(TableRef<ThreadedTexture> texture, TableRef<MemoryOwner<byte>> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
         {
             _texture = texture;
             _data = data;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Resources/ThreadedImageArray.cs

@@ -27,12 +27,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
-        public void SetFormats(int index, Format[] imageFormats)
-        {
-            _renderer.New<ImageArraySetFormatsCommand>().Set(Ref(this), index, Ref(imageFormats));
-            _renderer.QueueCommand();
-        }
-
         public void SetImages(int index, ITexture[] images)
         {
             _renderer.New<ImageArraySetImagesCommand>().Set(Ref(this), index, Ref(images));

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/Resources/ThreadedTexture.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Commands.Texture;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Model;
-using System.Buffers;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources
 {
@@ -111,21 +111,21 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading.Resources
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data)
         {
             _renderer.New<TextureSetDataCommand>().Set(Ref(this), Ref(data));
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
         {
             _renderer.New<TextureSetDataSliceCommand>().Set(Ref(this), Ref(data), layer, level);
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
         {
             _renderer.New<TextureSetDataSliceRegionCommand>().Set(Ref(this), Ref(data), layer, level, region);
             _renderer.QueueCommand();

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/Multithreading/ThreadedPipeline.cs

@@ -177,9 +177,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Multithreading
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 
-        public void SetImage(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture, Format imageFormat)
+        public void SetImage(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture)
         {
-            _renderer.New<SetImageCommand>().Set(stage, binding, Ref(texture), imageFormat);
+            _renderer.New<SetImageCommand>().Set(stage, binding, Ref(texture));
             _renderer.QueueCommand();
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL/UpscaleType.cs

@@ -5,5 +5,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
         Bilinear,
         Nearest,
         Fsr,
+        Area,
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Dma/DmaClass.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Device;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
 using System;
-using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
 
                     if (target != null)
                     {
-                        IMemoryOwner<byte> data;
+                        MemoryOwner<byte> data;
                         if (srcLinear)
                         {
                             data = LayoutConverter.ConvertLinearStridedToLinear(

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/ShaderTexture.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine
@@ -61,51 +62,51 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="format">Shader image format</param>
         /// <returns>Texture format</returns>
-        public static Format GetFormat(TextureFormat format)
+        public static FormatInfo GetFormatInfo(TextureFormat format)
         {
             return format switch
             {
 #pragma warning disable IDE0055 // Disable formatting
-                TextureFormat.R8Unorm           => Format.R8Unorm,
-                TextureFormat.R8Snorm           => Format.R8Snorm,
-                TextureFormat.R8Uint            => Format.R8Uint,
-                TextureFormat.R8Sint            => Format.R8Sint,
-                TextureFormat.R16Float          => Format.R16Float,
-                TextureFormat.R16Unorm          => Format.R16Unorm,
-                TextureFormat.R16Snorm          => Format.R16Snorm,
-                TextureFormat.R16Uint           => Format.R16Uint,
-                TextureFormat.R16Sint           => Format.R16Sint,
-                TextureFormat.R32Float          => Format.R32Float,
-                TextureFormat.R32Uint           => Format.R32Uint,
-                TextureFormat.R32Sint           => Format.R32Sint,
-                TextureFormat.R8G8Unorm         => Format.R8G8Unorm,
-                TextureFormat.R8G8Snorm         => Format.R8G8Snorm,
-                TextureFormat.R8G8Uint          => Format.R8G8Uint,
-                TextureFormat.R8G8Sint          => Format.R8G8Sint,
-                TextureFormat.R16G16Float       => Format.R16G16Float,
-                TextureFormat.R16G16Unorm       => Format.R16G16Unorm,
-                TextureFormat.R16G16Snorm       => Format.R16G16Snorm,
-                TextureFormat.R16G16Uint        => Format.R16G16Uint,
-                TextureFormat.R16G16Sint        => Format.R16G16Sint,
-                TextureFormat.R32G32Float       => Format.R32G32Float,
-                TextureFormat.R32G32Uint        => Format.R32G32Uint,
-                TextureFormat.R32G32Sint        => Format.R32G32Sint,
-                TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8Unorm     => Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm,
-                TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8Snorm     => Format.R8G8B8A8Snorm,
-                TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8Uint      => Format.R8G8B8A8Uint,
-                TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8Sint      => Format.R8G8B8A8Sint,
-                TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Float => Format.R16G16B16A16Float,
-                TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Unorm => Format.R16G16B16A16Unorm,
-                TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Snorm => Format.R16G16B16A16Snorm,
-                TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Uint  => Format.R16G16B16A16Uint,
-                TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Sint  => Format.R16G16B16A16Sint,
-                TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32Float => Format.R32G32B32A32Float,
-                TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32Uint  => Format.R32G32B32A32Uint,
-                TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32Sint  => Format.R32G32B32A32Sint,
-                TextureFormat.R10G10B10A2Unorm  => Format.R10G10B10A2Unorm,
-                TextureFormat.R10G10B10A2Uint   => Format.R10G10B10A2Uint,
-                TextureFormat.R11G11B10Float    => Format.R11G11B10Float,
-                _                               => 0,
+                TextureFormat.R8Unorm           => new(Format.R8Unorm, 1, 1, 1, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R8Snorm           => new(Format.R8Snorm, 1, 1, 1, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R8Uint            => new(Format.R8Uint, 1, 1, 1, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R8Sint            => new(Format.R8Sint, 1, 1, 1, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R16Float          => new(Format.R16Float, 1, 1, 2, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R16Unorm          => new(Format.R16Unorm, 1, 1, 2, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R16Snorm          => new(Format.R16Snorm, 1, 1, 2, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R16Uint           => new(Format.R16Uint, 1, 1, 2, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R16Sint           => new(Format.R16Sint, 1, 1, 2, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R32Float          => new(Format.R32Float, 1, 1, 4, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R32Uint           => new(Format.R32Uint, 1, 1, 4, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R32Sint           => new(Format.R32Sint, 1, 1, 4, 1),
+                TextureFormat.R8G8Unorm         => new(Format.R8G8Unorm, 1, 1, 2, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R8G8Snorm         => new(Format.R8G8Snorm, 1, 1, 2, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R8G8Uint          => new(Format.R8G8Uint, 1, 1, 2, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R8G8Sint          => new(Format.R8G8Sint, 1, 1, 2, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R16G16Float       => new(Format.R16G16Float, 1, 1, 4, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R16G16Unorm       => new(Format.R16G16Unorm, 1, 1, 4, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R16G16Snorm       => new(Format.R16G16Snorm, 1, 1, 4, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R16G16Uint        => new(Format.R16G16Uint, 1, 1, 4, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R16G16Sint        => new(Format.R16G16Sint, 1, 1, 4, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R32G32Float       => new(Format.R32G32Float, 1, 1, 8, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R32G32Uint        => new(Format.R32G32Uint, 1, 1, 8, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R32G32Sint        => new(Format.R32G32Sint, 1, 1, 8, 2),
+                TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8Unorm     => new(Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm, 1, 1, 4, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8Snorm     => new(Format.R8G8B8A8Snorm, 1, 1, 4, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8Uint      => new(Format.R8G8B8A8Uint, 1, 1, 4, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8Sint      => new(Format.R8G8B8A8Sint, 1, 1, 4, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Float => new(Format.R16G16B16A16Float, 1, 1, 8, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Unorm => new(Format.R16G16B16A16Unorm, 1, 1, 8, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Snorm => new(Format.R16G16B16A16Snorm, 1, 1, 8, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Uint  => new(Format.R16G16B16A16Uint, 1, 1, 8, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16Sint  => new(Format.R16G16B16A16Sint, 1, 1, 8, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32Float => new(Format.R32G32B32A32Float, 1, 1, 16, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32Uint  => new(Format.R32G32B32A32Uint, 1, 1, 16, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32Sint  => new(Format.R32G32B32A32Sint, 1, 1, 16, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R10G10B10A2Unorm  => new(Format.R10G10B10A2Unorm, 1, 1, 4, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R10G10B10A2Uint   => new(Format.R10G10B10A2Uint, 1, 1, 4, 4),
+                TextureFormat.R11G11B10Float    => new(Format.R11G11B10Float, 1, 1, 4, 3),
+                _                               => FormatInfo.Invalid,
 #pragma warning restore IDE0055
             };
         }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/AutoDeleteCache.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Collections;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
@@ -46,7 +47,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     {
         private const int MinCountForDeletion = 32;
         private const int MaxCapacity = 2048;
-        private const ulong MaxTextureSizeCapacity = 1024 * 1024 * 1024; // MB;
+        private const ulong MinTextureSizeCapacity = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
+        private const ulong MaxTextureSizeCapacity = 4UL * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+        private const ulong DefaultTextureSizeCapacity = 1UL * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+        private const float MemoryScaleFactor = 0.50f;
+        private ulong _maxCacheMemoryUsage = 0;
 
         private readonly LinkedList<Texture> _textures;
         private ulong _totalSize;
@@ -56,6 +61,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
         private readonly Dictionary<TextureDescriptor, ShortTextureCacheEntry> _shortCacheLookup;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes the cache, setting the maximum texture capacity for the specified GPU context.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// If the backend GPU has 0 memory capacity, the cache size defaults to `DefaultTextureSizeCapacity`.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="context">The GPU context that the cache belongs to</param>
+        public void Initialize(GpuContext context)
+        {
+            var cacheMemory = (ulong)(context.Capabilities.MaximumGpuMemory * MemoryScaleFactor);
+
+            _maxCacheMemoryUsage = Math.Clamp(cacheMemory, MinTextureSizeCapacity, MaxTextureSizeCapacity);
+
+            if (context.Capabilities.MaximumGpuMemory == 0)
+            {
+                _maxCacheMemoryUsage = DefaultTextureSizeCapacity;
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the automatic deletion cache.
         /// </summary>
@@ -85,7 +109,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             texture.CacheNode = _textures.AddLast(texture);
 
             if (_textures.Count > MaxCapacity ||
-                (_totalSize > MaxTextureSizeCapacity && _textures.Count >= MinCountForDeletion))
+                (_totalSize > _maxCacheMemoryUsage && _textures.Count >= MinCountForDeletion))
             {
                 RemoveLeastUsedTexture();
             }
@@ -110,7 +134,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     _textures.AddLast(texture.CacheNode);
                 }
 
-                if (_totalSize > MaxTextureSizeCapacity && _textures.Count >= MinCountForDeletion)
+                if (_totalSize > _maxCacheMemoryUsage && _textures.Count >= MinCountForDeletion)
                 {
                     RemoveLeastUsedTexture();
                 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/FormatInfo.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
     /// </summary>
     readonly struct FormatInfo
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// An invalid texture format.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static FormatInfo Invalid { get; } = new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// A default, generic RGBA8 texture format.
         /// </summary>
@@ -23,7 +28,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <remarks>
         /// Must be 1 for non-compressed formats.
         /// </remarks>
-        public int BlockWidth { get; }
+        public byte BlockWidth { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The block height for compressed formats.
@@ -31,17 +36,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <remarks>
         /// Must be 1 for non-compressed formats.
         /// </remarks>
-        public int BlockHeight { get; }
+        public byte BlockHeight { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The number of bytes occupied by a single pixel in memory of the texture data.
         /// </summary>
-        public int BytesPerPixel { get; }
+        public byte BytesPerPixel { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The maximum number of components this format has defined (in RGBA order).
         /// </summary>
-        public int Components { get; }
+        public byte Components { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Whenever or not the texture format is a compressed format. Determined from block size.
@@ -57,10 +62,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="bytesPerPixel">The number of bytes occupied by a single pixel in memory of the texture data</param>
         public FormatInfo(
             Format format,
-            int blockWidth,
-            int blockHeight,
-            int bytesPerPixel,
-            int components)
+            byte blockWidth,
+            byte blockHeight,
+            byte bytesPerPixel,
+            byte components)
         {
             Format = format;
             BlockWidth = blockWidth;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Sampler.cs

@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         public bool IsDisposed { get; private set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// True if the sampler has sRGB conversion enabled, false otherwise.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsSrgb { get; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Host sampler object.
         /// </summary>
@@ -30,6 +35,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="descriptor">The Maxwell sampler descriptor</param>
         public Sampler(GpuContext context, SamplerDescriptor descriptor)
         {
+            IsSrgb = descriptor.UnpackSrgb();
+
             MinFilter minFilter = descriptor.UnpackMinFilter();
             MagFilter magFilter = descriptor.UnpackMagFilter();
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/SamplerDescriptor.cs

@@ -113,6 +113,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             return (CompareOp)(((Word0 >> 10) & 7) + 1);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unpacks the sampler sRGB format flag.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if the has sampler is sRGB conversion enabled, false otherwise</returns>
+        public readonly bool UnpackSrgb()
+        {
+            return (Word0 & (1 << 13)) != 0;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Unpacks and converts the maximum anisotropy value used for texture anisotropic filtering.
         /// </summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/Texture.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture.Astc;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
 using System;
-using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -662,7 +661,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 }
             }
 
-            IMemoryOwner<byte> result = ConvertToHostCompatibleFormat(data);
+            MemoryOwner<byte> result = ConvertToHostCompatibleFormat(data);
 
             if (ScaleFactor != 1f && AllowScaledSetData())
             {
@@ -685,7 +684,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// Uploads new texture data to the host GPU.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="data">New data</param>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data)
         {
             BlacklistScale();
 
@@ -704,7 +703,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="data">New data</param>
         /// <param name="layer">Target layer</param>
         /// <param name="level">Target level</param>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
         {
             BlacklistScale();
 
@@ -722,7 +721,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="layer">Target layer</param>
         /// <param name="level">Target level</param>
         /// <param name="region">Target sub-region of the texture to update</param>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
         {
             BlacklistScale();
 
@@ -740,7 +739,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="level">Mip level to convert</param>
         /// <param name="single">True to convert a single slice</param>
         /// <returns>Converted data</returns>
-        public IMemoryOwner<byte> ConvertToHostCompatibleFormat(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, int level = 0, bool single = false)
+        public MemoryOwner<byte> ConvertToHostCompatibleFormat(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, int level = 0, bool single = false)
         {
             int width = Info.Width;
             int height = Info.Height;
@@ -755,7 +754,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             int sliceDepth = single ? 1 : depth;
 
-            IMemoryOwner<byte> linear;
+            MemoryOwner<byte> linear;
 
             if (Info.IsLinear)
             {
@@ -788,7 +787,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     data);
             }
 
-            IMemoryOwner<byte> result = linear;
+            MemoryOwner<byte> result = linear;
 
             // Handle compressed cases not supported by the host:
             // - ASTC is usually not supported on desktop cards.
@@ -832,19 +831,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     case Format.Etc2RgbaUnorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return ETC2Decoder.DecodeRgba(result.Memory.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
+                            return ETC2Decoder.DecodeRgba(result.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
                         }
                     case Format.Etc2RgbPtaSrgb:
                     case Format.Etc2RgbPtaUnorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return ETC2Decoder.DecodePta(result.Memory.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
+                            return ETC2Decoder.DecodePta(result.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
                         }
                     case Format.Etc2RgbSrgb:
                     case Format.Etc2RgbUnorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return ETC2Decoder.DecodeRgb(result.Memory.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
+                            return ETC2Decoder.DecodeRgb(result.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
                         }
                 }
             }
@@ -856,43 +855,43 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     case Format.Bc1RgbaUnorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC1(result.Memory.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
+                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC1(result.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
                         }
                     case Format.Bc2Srgb:
                     case Format.Bc2Unorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC2(result.Memory.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
+                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC2(result.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
                         }
                     case Format.Bc3Srgb:
                     case Format.Bc3Unorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC3(result.Memory.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
+                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC3(result.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
                         }
                     case Format.Bc4Snorm:
                     case Format.Bc4Unorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC4(result.Memory.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers, Format == Format.Bc4Snorm);
+                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC4(result.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers, Format == Format.Bc4Snorm);
                         }
                     case Format.Bc5Snorm:
                     case Format.Bc5Unorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC5(result.Memory.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers, Format == Format.Bc5Snorm);
+                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC5(result.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers, Format == Format.Bc5Snorm);
                         }
                     case Format.Bc6HSfloat:
                     case Format.Bc6HUfloat:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC6(result.Memory.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers, Format == Format.Bc6HSfloat);
+                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC6(result.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers, Format == Format.Bc6HSfloat);
                         }
                     case Format.Bc7Srgb:
                     case Format.Bc7Unorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC7(result.Memory.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
+                            return BCnDecoder.DecodeBC7(result.Span, width, height, sliceDepth, levels, layers);
                         }
                 }
             }
@@ -900,7 +899,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 using (result)
                 {
-                    var converted = PixelConverter.ConvertR4G4ToR4G4B4A4(result.Memory.Span, width);
+                    var converted = PixelConverter.ConvertR4G4ToR4G4B4A4(result.Span, width);
 
                     if (_context.Capabilities.SupportsR4G4B4A4Format)
                     {
@@ -910,7 +909,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     {
                         using (converted)
                         {
-                            return PixelConverter.ConvertR4G4B4A4ToR8G8B8A8(converted.Memory.Span, width);
+                            return PixelConverter.ConvertR4G4B4A4ToR8G8B8A8(converted.Span, width);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -921,7 +920,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 {
                     using (result)
                     {
-                        return PixelConverter.ConvertR4G4B4A4ToR8G8B8A8(result.Memory.Span, width);
+                        return PixelConverter.ConvertR4G4B4A4ToR8G8B8A8(result.Span, width);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -933,24 +932,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     case Format.R5G6B5Unorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return PixelConverter.ConvertR5G6B5ToR8G8B8A8(result.Memory.Span, width);
+                            return PixelConverter.ConvertR5G6B5ToR8G8B8A8(result.Span, width);
                         }
                     case Format.B5G5R5A1Unorm:
                     case Format.R5G5B5X1Unorm:
                     case Format.R5G5B5A1Unorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return PixelConverter.ConvertR5G5B5ToR8G8B8A8(result.Memory.Span, width, Format == Format.R5G5B5X1Unorm);
+                            return PixelConverter.ConvertR5G5B5ToR8G8B8A8(result.Span, width, Format == Format.R5G5B5X1Unorm);
                         }
                     case Format.A1B5G5R5Unorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return PixelConverter.ConvertA1B5G5R5ToR8G8B8A8(result.Memory.Span, width);
+                            return PixelConverter.ConvertA1B5G5R5ToR8G8B8A8(result.Span, width);
                         }
                     case Format.R4G4B4A4Unorm:
                         using (result)
                         {
-                            return PixelConverter.ConvertR4G4B4A4ToR8G8B8A8(result.Memory.Span, width);
+                            return PixelConverter.ConvertR4G4B4A4ToR8G8B8A8(result.Span, width);
                         }
                 }
             }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingInfo.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <summary>
         /// For images, indicates the format specified on the shader.
         /// </summary>
-        public Format Format { get; }
+        public FormatInfo FormatInfo { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Shader texture host set index.
@@ -58,17 +58,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// Constructs the texture binding information structure.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="target">The shader sampler target type</param>
-        /// <param name="format">Format of the image as declared on the shader</param>
+        /// <param name="formatInfo">Format of the image as declared on the shader</param>
         /// <param name="set">Shader texture host set index</param>
         /// <param name="binding">The shader texture binding point</param>
         /// <param name="arrayLength">For array of textures, this indicates the length of the array. A value of one indicates it is not an array</param>
         /// <param name="cbufSlot">Constant buffer slot where the texture handle is located</param>
         /// <param name="handle">The shader texture handle (read index into the texture constant buffer)</param>
         /// <param name="flags">The texture's usage flags, indicating how it is used in the shader</param>
-        public TextureBindingInfo(Target target, Format format, int set, int binding, int arrayLength, int cbufSlot, int handle, TextureUsageFlags flags)
+        public TextureBindingInfo(Target target, FormatInfo formatInfo, int set, int binding, int arrayLength, int cbufSlot, int handle, TextureUsageFlags flags)
         {
             Target = target;
-            Format = format;
+            FormatInfo = formatInfo;
             Set = set;
             Binding = binding;
             ArrayLength = arrayLength;
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             int cbufSlot,
             int handle,
             TextureUsageFlags flags,
-            bool isSamplerOnly) : this(target, 0, set, binding, arrayLength, cbufSlot, handle, flags)
+            bool isSamplerOnly) : this(target, FormatInfo.Invalid, set, binding, arrayLength, cbufSlot, handle, flags)
         {
             IsSamplerOnly = isSamplerOnly;
         }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingsArrayCache.cs

@@ -659,7 +659,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             int length = (isSampler ? samplerPool.MaximumId : texturePool.MaximumId) + 1;
             length = Math.Min(length, bindingInfo.ArrayLength);
 
-            Format[] formats = isImage ? new Format[bindingInfo.ArrayLength] : null;
             ISampler[] samplers = isImage ? null : new ISampler[bindingInfo.ArrayLength];
             ITexture[] textures = new ITexture[bindingInfo.ArrayLength];
 
@@ -674,7 +673,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref texturePool.GetForBinding(index, out texture);
+                    ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref texturePool.GetForBinding(index, bindingInfo.FormatInfo, out texture);
 
                     if (texture != null)
                     {
@@ -697,8 +696,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 ITexture hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
                 ISampler hostSampler = sampler?.GetHostSampler(texture);
 
-                Format format = bindingInfo.Format;
-
                 if (hostTexture != null && texture.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
                 {
                     // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
@@ -706,26 +703,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
                     if (isImage)
                     {
-                        if (format == 0 && texture != null)
-                        {
-                            format = texture.Format;
-                        }
-
-                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.ImageArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index, format);
+                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.ImageArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.TextureArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index, format);
+                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.TextureArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
                     }
                 }
                 else if (isImage)
                 {
-                    if (format == 0 && texture != null)
-                    {
-                        format = texture.Format;
-                    }
-
-                    formats[index] = format;
                     textures[index] = hostTexture;
                 }
                 else
@@ -737,7 +723,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             if (isImage)
             {
-                entry.ImageArray.SetFormats(0, formats);
                 entry.ImageArray.SetImages(0, textures);
 
                 SetImageArray(stage, bindingInfo, entry.ImageArray);
@@ -863,7 +848,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             entry.UpdateData(cachedTextureBuffer, cachedSamplerBuffer, separateSamplerBuffer);
 
-            Format[] formats = isImage ? new Format[bindingInfo.ArrayLength] : null;
             ISampler[] samplers = isImage ? null : new ISampler[bindingInfo.ArrayLength];
             ITexture[] textures = new ITexture[bindingInfo.ArrayLength];
 
@@ -883,7 +867,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     samplerId = TextureHandle.UnpackSamplerId(packedId);
                 }
 
-                ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref texturePool.GetForBinding(textureId, out Texture texture);
+                ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref texturePool.GetForBinding(textureId, bindingInfo.FormatInfo, out Texture texture);
 
                 if (texture != null)
                 {
@@ -916,8 +900,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     hostSampler = sampler?.GetHostSampler(texture);
                 }
 
-                Format format = bindingInfo.Format;
-
                 if (hostTexture != null && texture.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
                 {
                     // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
@@ -925,26 +907,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
                     if (isImage)
                     {
-                        if (format == 0 && texture != null)
-                        {
-                            format = texture.Format;
-                        }
-
-                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.ImageArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index, format);
+                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.ImageArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.TextureArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index, format);
+                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.TextureArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
                     }
                 }
                 else if (isImage)
                 {
-                    if (format == 0 && texture != null)
-                    {
-                        format = texture.Format;
-                    }
-
-                    formats[index] = format;
                     textures[index] = hostTexture;
                 }
                 else
@@ -956,7 +927,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             if (isImage)
             {
-                entry.ImageArray.SetFormats(0, formats);
                 entry.ImageArray.SetImages(0, textures);
 
                 SetImageArray(stage, bindingInfo, entry.ImageArray);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingsManager.cs

@@ -187,7 +187,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         {
             (TexturePool texturePool, SamplerPool samplerPool) = GetPools();
 
-            return (texturePool.Get(textureId), samplerPool.Get(samplerId));
+            Sampler sampler = samplerPool?.Get(samplerId);
+
+            return (texturePool.Get(textureId, sampler?.IsSrgb ?? true), sampler);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -508,12 +510,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 state.TextureHandle = textureId;
                 state.SamplerHandle = samplerId;
 
-                ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref texturePool.GetForBinding(textureId, out Texture texture);
+                Sampler sampler = samplerPool?.Get(samplerId);
+
+                ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref texturePool.GetForBinding(textureId, sampler?.IsSrgb ?? true, out Texture texture);
 
                 specStateMatches &= specState.MatchesTexture(stage, index, descriptor);
 
-                Sampler sampler = samplerPool?.Get(samplerId);
-
                 ITexture hostTexture = texture?.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
                 ISampler hostSampler = sampler?.GetHostSampler(texture);
 
@@ -522,7 +524,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
                     // Buffers are frequently re-created to accommodate larger data, so we need to re-bind
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, bindingInfo.Format, false);
+                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, false);
 
                     // Cache is not used for buffer texture, it must always rebind.
                     state.CachedTexture = null;
@@ -616,6 +618,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 if (!poolModified &&
                     state.TextureHandle == textureId &&
+                    state.ImageFormat == bindingInfo.FormatInfo.Format &&
                     state.CachedTexture != null &&
                     state.CachedTexture.InvalidatedSequence == state.InvalidatedSequence)
                 {
@@ -629,26 +632,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         cachedTexture.SignalModified();
                     }
 
-                    Format format = bindingInfo.Format == 0 ? cachedTexture.Format : bindingInfo.Format;
-
-                    if (state.ImageFormat != format ||
-                        ((usageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0 &&
-                        UpdateScale(state.CachedTexture, usageFlags, scaleIndex, stage)))
+                    if ((usageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.NeedsScaleValue) != 0 && UpdateScale(state.CachedTexture, usageFlags, scaleIndex, stage))
                     {
                         ITexture hostTextureRebind = state.CachedTexture.GetTargetTexture(bindingInfo.Target);
 
                         state.Texture = hostTextureRebind;
-                        state.ImageFormat = format;
 
-                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(stage, bindingInfo.Binding, hostTextureRebind, format);
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(stage, bindingInfo.Binding, hostTextureRebind);
                     }
 
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 state.TextureHandle = textureId;
+                state.ImageFormat = bindingInfo.FormatInfo.Format;
 
-                ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref pool.GetForBinding(textureId, out Texture texture);
+                ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref pool.GetForBinding(textureId, bindingInfo.FormatInfo, out Texture texture);
 
                 specStateMatches &= specState.MatchesImage(stage, index, descriptor);
 
@@ -660,14 +659,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     // Buffers are frequently re-created to accommodate larger data, so we need to re-bind
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
 
-                    Format format = bindingInfo.Format;
-
-                    if (format == 0 && texture != null)
-                    {
-                        format = texture.Format;
-                    }
-
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, format, true);
+                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, true);
 
                     // Cache is not used for buffer texture, it must always rebind.
                     state.CachedTexture = null;
@@ -689,16 +681,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     {
                         state.Texture = hostTexture;
 
-                        Format format = bindingInfo.Format;
-
-                        if (format == 0 && texture != null)
-                        {
-                            format = texture.Format;
-                        }
-
-                        state.ImageFormat = format;
-
-                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(stage, bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture, format);
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(stage, bindingInfo.Binding, hostTexture);
                     }
 
                     state.CachedTexture = texture;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCache.cs

@@ -68,6 +68,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             _cache = new AutoDeleteCache();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes the cache, setting the maximum texture capacity for the specified GPU context.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Initialize()
+        {
+            _cache.Initialize(_context);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Handles marking of textures written to a memory region being (partially) remapped.
         /// </summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureCompatibility.cs

@@ -739,7 +739,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
 
             return (lhsFormat.Format == Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm && rhsFormat.Format == Format.R32G32B32A32Float) ||
-                   (lhsFormat.Format == Format.R8Unorm && rhsFormat.Format == Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm);
+                   (lhsFormat.Format == Format.R8Unorm && rhsFormat.Format == Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm) ||
+                   (lhsFormat.Format == Format.R8Unorm && rhsFormat.Format == Format.R32Uint);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureGroup.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture;
@@ -5,7 +6,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
 using System;
-using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                             ReadOnlySpan<byte> data = dataSpan[(offset - spanBase)..];
 
-                            IMemoryOwner<byte> result = Storage.ConvertToHostCompatibleFormat(data, info.BaseLevel + level, true);
+                            MemoryOwner<byte> result = Storage.ConvertToHostCompatibleFormat(data, info.BaseLevel + level, true);
 
                             Storage.SetData(result, info.BaseLayer + layer, info.BaseLevel + level);
                         }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TexturePool.cs

@@ -75,6 +75,76 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         private readonly ConcurrentQueue<DereferenceRequest> _dereferenceQueue = new();
         private TextureDescriptor _defaultDescriptor;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// List of textures that shares the same memory region, but have different formats.
+        /// </summary>
+        private class TextureAliasList
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Alias texture.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="Format">Texture format</param>
+            /// <param name="Texture">Texture</param>
+            private readonly record struct Alias(Format Format, Texture Texture);
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// List of texture aliases.
+            /// </summary>
+            private readonly List<Alias> _aliases;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a new instance of the texture alias list.
+            /// </summary>
+            public TextureAliasList()
+            {
+                _aliases = new List<Alias>();
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Adds a new texture alias.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="format">Alias format</param>
+            /// <param name="texture">Alias texture</param>
+            public void Add(Format format, Texture texture)
+            {
+                _aliases.Add(new Alias(format, texture));
+                texture.IncrementReferenceCount();
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Finds a texture with the requested format, or returns null if not found.
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="format">Format to find</param>
+            /// <returns>Texture with the requested format, or null if not found</returns>
+            public Texture Find(Format format)
+            {
+                foreach (var alias in _aliases)
+                {
+                    if (alias.Format == format)
+                    {
+                        return alias.Texture;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Removes all alias textures.
+            /// </summary>
+            public void Destroy()
+            {
+                foreach (var entry in _aliases)
+                {
+                    entry.Texture.DecrementReferenceCount();
+                }
+
+                _aliases.Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private readonly Dictionary<Texture, TextureAliasList> _aliasLists;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Linked list node used on the texture pool cache.
         /// </summary>
@@ -95,6 +165,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         public TexturePool(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, ulong address, int maximumId) : base(context, channel.MemoryManager.Physical, address, maximumId)
         {
             _channel = channel;
+            _aliasLists = new Dictionary<Texture, TextureAliasList>();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -115,14 +186,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 if (texture == null)
                 {
-                    TextureInfo info = GetInfo(descriptor, out int layerSize);
-
                     // The dereference queue can put our texture back on the cache.
                     if ((texture = ProcessDereferenceQueue(id)) != null)
                     {
                         return ref descriptor;
                     }
 
+                    TextureInfo info = GetInfo(descriptor, out int layerSize);
                     texture = PhysicalMemory.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(_channel.MemoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler, info, layerSize);
 
                     // If this happens, then the texture address is invalid, we can't add it to the cache.
@@ -157,6 +227,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="id">ID of the texture. This is effectively a zero-based index</param>
         /// <returns>The texture with the given ID</returns>
         public override Texture Get(int id)
+        {
+            return Get(id, srgbSampler: true);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the texture with the given ID.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id">ID of the texture. This is effectively a zero-based index</param>
+        /// <param name="srgbSampler">Whether the texture is being accessed with a sampler that has sRGB conversion enabled</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture with the given ID</returns>
+        public Texture Get(int id, bool srgbSampler)
         {
             if ((uint)id >= Items.Length)
             {
@@ -170,7 +251,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 SynchronizeMemory();
             }
 
-            GetInternal(id, out Texture texture);
+            GetForBinding(id, srgbSampler, out Texture texture);
 
             return texture;
         }
@@ -182,9 +263,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// This method assumes that the pool has been manually synchronized before doing binding.
         /// </remarks>
         /// <param name="id">ID of the texture. This is effectively a zero-based index</param>
+        /// <param name="srgbSampler">Whether the texture is being accessed with a sampler that has sRGB conversion enabled</param>
         /// <param name="texture">The texture with the given ID</param>
         /// <returns>The texture descriptor with the given ID</returns>
-        public ref readonly TextureDescriptor GetForBinding(int id, out Texture texture)
+        public ref readonly TextureDescriptor GetForBinding(int id, bool srgbSampler, out Texture texture)
         {
             if ((uint)id >= Items.Length)
             {
@@ -194,9 +276,66 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             // When getting for binding, assume the pool has already been synchronized.
 
+            if (!srgbSampler)
+            {
+                // If the sampler does not have the sRGB bit enabled, then the texture can't use a sRGB format.
+                ref readonly TextureDescriptor tempDescriptor = ref GetDescriptorRef(id);
+
+                if (tempDescriptor.UnpackSrgb() && FormatTable.TryGetTextureFormat(tempDescriptor.UnpackFormat(), isSrgb: false, out FormatInfo formatInfo))
+                {
+                    // Get a view of the texture with the right format.
+                    return ref GetForBinding(id, formatInfo, out texture);
+                }
+            }
+
             return ref GetInternal(id, out texture);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the texture descriptor and texture with the given ID.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method assumes that the pool has been manually synchronized before doing binding.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="id">ID of the texture. This is effectively a zero-based index</param>
+        /// <param name="formatInfo">Texture format information</param>
+        /// <param name="texture">The texture with the given ID</param>
+        /// <returns>The texture descriptor with the given ID</returns>
+        public ref readonly TextureDescriptor GetForBinding(int id, FormatInfo formatInfo, out Texture texture)
+        {
+            if ((uint)id >= Items.Length)
+            {
+                texture = null;
+                return ref _defaultDescriptor;
+            }
+
+            ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref GetInternal(id, out texture);
+
+            if (texture != null && formatInfo.Format != 0 && texture.Format != formatInfo.Format)
+            {
+                if (!_aliasLists.TryGetValue(texture, out TextureAliasList aliasList))
+                {
+                    _aliasLists.Add(texture, aliasList = new TextureAliasList());
+                }
+
+                texture = aliasList.Find(formatInfo.Format);
+
+                if (texture == null)
+                {
+                    TextureInfo info = GetInfo(descriptor, out int layerSize);
+                    info = ChangeFormat(info, formatInfo);
+                    texture = PhysicalMemory.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(_channel.MemoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler, info, layerSize);
+
+                    if (texture != null)
+                    {
+                        aliasList.Add(formatInfo.Format, texture);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return ref descriptor;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Checks if the pool was modified, and returns the last sequence number where a modification was detected.
         /// </summary>
@@ -234,6 +373,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             else
             {
                 texture.DecrementReferenceCount();
+                RemoveAliasList(texture);
             }
         }
 
@@ -327,6 +467,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 {
                     texture.DecrementReferenceCount();
                 }
+
+                RemoveAliasList(texture);
             }
 
             return null;
@@ -369,6 +511,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref Items[id], null) != null)
                     {
                         texture.DecrementReferenceCount(this, id);
+                        RemoveAliasList(texture);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -622,6 +765,57 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                    component == SwizzleComponent.Green;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Changes the format on the texture information structure, and also adjusts the width for the new format if needed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="info">Texture information</param>
+        /// <param name="dstFormat">New format</param>
+        /// <returns>Texture information with the new format</returns>
+        private static TextureInfo ChangeFormat(in TextureInfo info, FormatInfo dstFormat)
+        {
+            int width = info.Width;
+
+            if (info.FormatInfo.BytesPerPixel != dstFormat.BytesPerPixel)
+            {
+                int stride = width * info.FormatInfo.BytesPerPixel;
+                width = stride / dstFormat.BytesPerPixel;
+            }
+
+            return new TextureInfo(
+                info.GpuAddress,
+                width,
+                info.Height,
+                info.DepthOrLayers,
+                info.Levels,
+                info.SamplesInX,
+                info.SamplesInY,
+                info.Stride,
+                info.IsLinear,
+                info.GobBlocksInY,
+                info.GobBlocksInZ,
+                info.GobBlocksInTileX,
+                info.Target,
+                dstFormat,
+                info.DepthStencilMode,
+                info.SwizzleR,
+                info.SwizzleG,
+                info.SwizzleB,
+                info.SwizzleA);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes all aliases for a texture.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="texture">Texture to have the aliases removed</param>
+        private void RemoveAliasList(Texture texture)
+        {
+            if (_aliasLists.TryGetValue(texture, out TextureAliasList aliasList))
+            {
+                _aliasLists.Remove(texture);
+                aliasList.Destroy();
+            }
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Decrements the reference count of the texture.
         /// This indicates that the texture pool is not using it anymore.
@@ -629,7 +823,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="item">The texture to be deleted</param>
         protected override void Delete(Texture item)
         {
-            item?.DecrementReferenceCount(this);
+            if (item != null)
+            {
+                item.DecrementReferenceCount(this);
+                RemoveAliasList(item);
+            }
         }
 
         public override void Dispose()

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferManager.cs

@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
                     if (binding.IsImage)
                     {
-                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(binding.Stage, binding.BindingInfo.Binding, binding.Texture, binding.Format);
+                        _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetImage(binding.Stage, binding.BindingInfo.Binding, binding.Texture);
                     }
                     else
                     {
@@ -873,12 +873,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             ITexture texture,
             MultiRange range,
             TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
-            Format format,
             bool isImage)
         {
             _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CreateBuffer(range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(stage, bindingInfo.Flags));
 
-            _bufferTextures.Add(new BufferTextureBinding(stage, texture, range, bindingInfo, format, isImage));
+            _bufferTextures.Add(new BufferTextureBinding(stage, texture, range, bindingInfo, isImage));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -897,12 +896,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             ITexture texture,
             MultiRange range,
             TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
-            int index,
-            Format format)
+            int index)
         {
             _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CreateBuffer(range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(stage, bindingInfo.Flags));
 
-            _bufferTextureArrays.Add(new BufferTextureArrayBinding<ITextureArray>(array, texture, range, bindingInfo, index, format));
+            _bufferTextureArrays.Add(new BufferTextureArrayBinding<ITextureArray>(array, texture, range, bindingInfo, index));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -921,12 +919,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             ITexture texture,
             MultiRange range,
             TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
-            int index,
-            Format format)
+            int index)
         {
             _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CreateBuffer(range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(stage, bindingInfo.Flags));
 
-            _bufferImageArrays.Add(new BufferTextureArrayBinding<IImageArray>(array, texture, range, bindingInfo, index, format));
+            _bufferImageArrays.Add(new BufferTextureArrayBinding<IImageArray>(array, texture, range, bindingInfo, index));
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferTextureArrayBinding.cs

@@ -34,33 +34,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// </summary>
         public int Index { get; }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The image format for the binding.
-        /// </summary>
-        public Format Format { get; }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Create a new buffer texture binding.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="array">Array</param>
         /// <param name="texture">Buffer texture</param>
         /// <param name="range">Physical ranges of memory where the buffer texture data is located</param>
         /// <param name="bindingInfo">Binding info</param>
         /// <param name="index">Index of the binding on the array</param>
-        /// <param name="format">Binding format</param>
         public BufferTextureArrayBinding(
             T array,
             ITexture texture,
             MultiRange range,
             TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
-            int index,
-            Format format)
+            int index)
         {
             Array = array;
             Texture = texture;
             Range = range;
             BindingInfo = bindingInfo;
             Index = index;
-            Format = format;
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferTextureBinding.cs

@@ -30,11 +30,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// </summary>
         public TextureBindingInfo BindingInfo { get; }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The image format for the binding.
-        /// </summary>
-        public Format Format { get; }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Whether the binding is for an image or a sampler.
         /// </summary>
@@ -47,21 +42,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="texture">Buffer texture</param>
         /// <param name="range">Physical ranges of memory where the buffer texture data is located</param>
         /// <param name="bindingInfo">Binding info</param>
-        /// <param name="format">Binding format</param>
         /// <param name="isImage">Whether the binding is for an image or a sampler</param>
         public BufferTextureBinding(
             ShaderStage stage,
             ITexture texture,
             MultiRange range,
             TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
-            Format format,
             bool isImage)
         {
             Stage = stage;
             Texture = texture;
             Range = range;
             BindingInfo = bindingInfo;
-            Format = format;
             IsImage = isImage;
         }
     }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/MemoryManager.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
 using System;
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             MemoryUnmapped += Physical.BufferCache.MemoryUnmappedHandler;
             MemoryUnmapped += VirtualRangeCache.MemoryUnmappedHandler;
             MemoryUnmapped += CounterCache.MemoryUnmappedHandler;
+            Physical.TextureCache.Initialize();
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/CachedShaderBindings.cs

@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 ImageBindings[i] = stage.Info.Images.Select(descriptor =>
                 {
                     Target target = ShaderTexture.GetTarget(descriptor.Type);
-                    Format format = ShaderTexture.GetFormat(descriptor.Format);
+                    FormatInfo formatInfo = ShaderTexture.GetFormatInfo(descriptor.Format);
 
                     var result = new TextureBindingInfo(
                         target,
-                        format,
+                        formatInfo,
                         descriptor.Set,
                         descriptor.Binding,
                         descriptor.ArrayLength,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/DiskCache/DiskCacheHostStorage.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMajor = 1;
         private const ushort FileFormatVersionMinor = 2;
         private const uint FileFormatVersionPacked = ((uint)FileFormatVersionMajor << 16) | FileFormatVersionMinor;
-        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 7131;
+        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 7353;
 
         private const string SharedTocFileName = "shared.toc";
         private const string SharedDataFileName = "shared.data";

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderSpecializationState.cs

@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
                 constantBufferUsePerStageMask &= ~(1 << index);
             }
 
-            if (checkTextures)
+            if (checkTextures && _allTextures.Length > 0)
             {
                 TexturePool pool = channel.TextureManager.GetTexturePool(poolState.TexturePoolGpuVa, poolState.TexturePoolMaximumId);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Window.cs

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
             bool isLinear,
             int gobBlocksInY,
             Format format,
-            int bytesPerPixel,
+            byte bytesPerPixel,
             ImageCrop crop,
             Action<GpuContext, object> acquireCallback,
             Action<object> releaseCallback,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/AreaScalingFilter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image;
+using System;
+using static Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects.ShaderHelper;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects
+{
+    internal class AreaScalingFilter : IScalingFilter
+    {
+        private readonly OpenGLRenderer _renderer;
+        private int _inputUniform;
+        private int _outputUniform;
+        private int _srcX0Uniform;
+        private int _srcX1Uniform;
+        private int _srcY0Uniform;
+        private int _scalingShaderProgram;
+        private int _srcY1Uniform;
+        private int _dstX0Uniform;
+        private int _dstX1Uniform;
+        private int _dstY0Uniform;
+        private int _dstY1Uniform;
+
+        public float Level { get; set; }
+
+        public AreaScalingFilter(OpenGLRenderer renderer)
+        {
+            Initialize();
+
+            _renderer = renderer;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            if (_scalingShaderProgram != 0)
+            {
+                GL.DeleteProgram(_scalingShaderProgram);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            var scalingShader = EmbeddedResources.ReadAllText("Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/Shaders/area_scaling.glsl");
+
+            _scalingShaderProgram = CompileProgram(scalingShader, ShaderType.ComputeShader);
+
+            _inputUniform = GL.GetUniformLocation(_scalingShaderProgram, "Source");
+            _outputUniform = GL.GetUniformLocation(_scalingShaderProgram, "imgOutput");
+
+            _srcX0Uniform = GL.GetUniformLocation(_scalingShaderProgram, "srcX0");
+            _srcX1Uniform = GL.GetUniformLocation(_scalingShaderProgram, "srcX1");
+            _srcY0Uniform = GL.GetUniformLocation(_scalingShaderProgram, "srcY0");
+            _srcY1Uniform = GL.GetUniformLocation(_scalingShaderProgram, "srcY1");
+            _dstX0Uniform = GL.GetUniformLocation(_scalingShaderProgram, "dstX0");
+            _dstX1Uniform = GL.GetUniformLocation(_scalingShaderProgram, "dstX1");
+            _dstY0Uniform = GL.GetUniformLocation(_scalingShaderProgram, "dstY0");
+            _dstY1Uniform = GL.GetUniformLocation(_scalingShaderProgram, "dstY1");
+        }
+
+        public void Run(
+            TextureView view,
+            TextureView destinationTexture,
+            int width,
+            int height,
+            Extents2D source,
+            Extents2D destination)
+        {
+            int previousProgram = GL.GetInteger(GetPName.CurrentProgram);
+            int previousUnit = GL.GetInteger(GetPName.ActiveTexture);
+            GL.ActiveTexture(TextureUnit.Texture0);
+            int previousTextureBinding = GL.GetInteger(GetPName.TextureBinding2D);
+
+            GL.BindImageTexture(0, destinationTexture.Handle, 0, false, 0, TextureAccess.ReadWrite, SizedInternalFormat.Rgba8);
+
+            int threadGroupWorkRegionDim = 16;
+            int dispatchX = (width + (threadGroupWorkRegionDim - 1)) / threadGroupWorkRegionDim;
+            int dispatchY = (height + (threadGroupWorkRegionDim - 1)) / threadGroupWorkRegionDim;
+
+            // Scaling pass
+            GL.UseProgram(_scalingShaderProgram);
+            view.Bind(0);
+            GL.Uniform1(_inputUniform, 0);
+            GL.Uniform1(_outputUniform, 0);
+            GL.Uniform1(_srcX0Uniform, (float)source.X1);
+            GL.Uniform1(_srcX1Uniform, (float)source.X2);
+            GL.Uniform1(_srcY0Uniform, (float)source.Y1);
+            GL.Uniform1(_srcY1Uniform, (float)source.Y2);
+            GL.Uniform1(_dstX0Uniform, (float)destination.X1);
+            GL.Uniform1(_dstX1Uniform, (float)destination.X2);
+            GL.Uniform1(_dstY0Uniform, (float)destination.Y1);
+            GL.Uniform1(_dstY1Uniform, (float)destination.Y2);
+            GL.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
+
+            GL.UseProgram(previousProgram);
+            GL.MemoryBarrier(MemoryBarrierFlags.ShaderImageAccessBarrierBit);
+
+            (_renderer.Pipeline as Pipeline).RestoreImages1And2();
+
+            GL.ActiveTexture(TextureUnit.Texture0);
+            GL.BindTexture(TextureTarget.Texture2D, previousTextureBinding);
+
+            GL.ActiveTexture((TextureUnit)previousUnit);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/FsrScalingFilter.cs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects
         private int _srcY0Uniform;
         private int _scalingShaderProgram;
         private int _sharpeningShaderProgram;
-        private float _scale = 1;
+        private float _sharpeningLevel = 1;
         private int _srcY1Uniform;
         private int _dstX0Uniform;
         private int _dstX1Uniform;
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects
 
         public float Level
         {
-            get => _scale;
+            get => _sharpeningLevel;
             set
             {
-                _scale = MathF.Max(0.01f, value);
+                _sharpeningLevel = MathF.Max(0.01f, value);
             }
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/ShaderHelper.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects
 {
@@ -6,18 +7,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects
     {
         public static int CompileProgram(string shaderCode, ShaderType shaderType)
         {
-            var shader = GL.CreateShader(shaderType);
-            GL.ShaderSource(shader, shaderCode);
-            GL.CompileShader(shader);
-
-            var program = GL.CreateProgram();
-            GL.AttachShader(program, shader);
-            GL.LinkProgram(program);
-
-            GL.DetachShader(program, shader);
-            GL.DeleteShader(shader);
-
-            return program;
+            return CompileProgram(new string[] { shaderCode }, shaderType);
         }
 
         public static int CompileProgram(string[] shaders, ShaderType shaderType)
@@ -26,6 +16,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects
             GL.ShaderSource(shader, shaders.Length, shaders, (int[])null);
             GL.CompileShader(shader);
 
+            GL.GetShader(shader, ShaderParameter.CompileStatus, out int isCompiled);
+            if (isCompiled == 0)
+            {
+                string log = GL.GetShaderInfoLog(shader);
+                Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Failed to compile effect shader:\n\n{log}\n");
+                GL.DeleteShader(shader);
+                return 0;
+            }
+
             var program = GL.CreateProgram();
             GL.AttachShader(program, shader);
             GL.LinkProgram(program);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/Shaders/area_scaling.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#version 430 core
+precision mediump float;
+layout (local_size_x = 16, local_size_y = 16) in;
+layout(rgba8, binding = 0, location=0) uniform image2D imgOutput;
+layout( location=1 ) uniform sampler2D Source;
+layout( location=2 ) uniform float srcX0;
+layout( location=3 ) uniform float srcX1;
+layout( location=4 ) uniform float srcY0;
+layout( location=5 ) uniform float srcY1;
+layout( location=6 ) uniform float dstX0;
+layout( location=7 ) uniform float dstX1;
+layout( location=8 ) uniform float dstY0;
+layout( location=9 ) uniform float dstY1;
+
+/***** Area Sampling *****/
+
+// By Sam Belliveau and Filippo Tarpini. Public Domain license.
+// Effectively a more accurate sharp bilinear filter when upscaling,
+// that also works as a mathematically perfect downscale filter.
+// https://entropymine.com/imageworsener/pixelmixing/
+// https://github.com/obsproject/obs-studio/pull/1715
+// https://legacy.imagemagick.org/Usage/filter/
+vec4 AreaSampling(vec2 xy)
+{
+    // Determine the sizes of the source and target images.
+    vec2 source_size = vec2(abs(srcX1 - srcX0), abs(srcY1 - srcY0));
+    vec2 target_size = vec2(abs(dstX1 - dstX0), abs(dstY1 - dstY0));
+    vec2 inverted_target_size = vec2(1.0) / target_size;
+
+    // Compute the top-left and bottom-right corners of the target pixel box.
+    vec2 t_beg = floor(xy - vec2(dstX0 < dstX1 ? dstX0 : dstX1, dstY0 < dstY1 ? dstY0 : dstY1));
+    vec2 t_end = t_beg + vec2(1.0, 1.0);
+
+    // Convert the target pixel box to source pixel box.
+    vec2 beg = t_beg * inverted_target_size * source_size;
+    vec2 end = t_end * inverted_target_size * source_size;
+
+    // Compute the top-left and bottom-right corners of the pixel box.
+    ivec2 f_beg = ivec2(beg);
+    ivec2 f_end = ivec2(end);
+
+    // Compute how much of the start and end pixels are covered horizontally & vertically.
+    float area_w = 1.0 - fract(beg.x);
+    float area_n = 1.0 - fract(beg.y);
+    float area_e = fract(end.x);
+    float area_s = fract(end.y);
+
+    // Compute the areas of the corner pixels in the pixel box.
+    float area_nw = area_n * area_w;
+    float area_ne = area_n * area_e;
+    float area_sw = area_s * area_w;
+    float area_se = area_s * area_e;
+
+    // Initialize the color accumulator.
+    vec4 avg_color = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+
+    // Accumulate corner pixels.
+    avg_color += area_nw * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_beg.x, f_beg.y), 0);
+    avg_color += area_ne * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_end.x, f_beg.y), 0);
+    avg_color += area_sw * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_beg.x, f_end.y), 0);
+    avg_color += area_se * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_end.x, f_end.y), 0);
+
+    // Determine the size of the pixel box.
+    int x_range = int(f_end.x - f_beg.x - 0.5);
+    int y_range = int(f_end.y - f_beg.y - 0.5);
+
+    // Accumulate top and bottom edge pixels.
+    for (int x = f_beg.x + 1; x <= f_beg.x + x_range; ++x)
+    {
+        avg_color += area_n * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(x, f_beg.y), 0);
+        avg_color += area_s * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(x, f_end.y), 0);
+    }
+
+    // Accumulate left and right edge pixels and all the pixels in between.
+    for (int y = f_beg.y + 1; y <= f_beg.y + y_range; ++y)
+    {
+        avg_color += area_w * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_beg.x, y), 0);
+        avg_color += area_e * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_end.x, y), 0);
+
+        for (int x = f_beg.x + 1; x <= f_beg.x + x_range; ++x)
+        {
+            avg_color += texelFetch(Source, ivec2(x, y), 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Compute the area of the pixel box that was sampled.
+    float area_corners = area_nw + area_ne + area_sw + area_se;
+    float area_edges = float(x_range) * (area_n + area_s) + float(y_range) * (area_w + area_e);
+    float area_center = float(x_range) * float(y_range);
+
+    // Return the normalized average color.
+    return avg_color / (area_corners + area_edges + area_center);
+}
+
+float insideBox(vec2 v, vec2 bLeft, vec2 tRight) {
+    vec2 s = step(bLeft, v) - step(tRight, v);
+    return s.x * s.y;
+}
+
+vec2 translateDest(vec2 pos) {
+    vec2 translatedPos = vec2(pos.x, pos.y);
+    translatedPos.x = dstX1 < dstX0 ? dstX1 - translatedPos.x : translatedPos.x;
+    translatedPos.y = dstY0 > dstY1 ? dstY0 + dstY1 - translatedPos.y - 1 : translatedPos.y;
+    return translatedPos;
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    vec2 bLeft = vec2(dstX0 < dstX1 ? dstX0 : dstX1, dstY0 < dstY1 ? dstY0 : dstY1);
+    vec2 tRight = vec2(dstX1 > dstX0 ? dstX1 : dstX0, dstY1 > dstY0 ? dstY1 : dstY0);
+    ivec2 loc = ivec2(gl_GlobalInvocationID.x, gl_GlobalInvocationID.y);
+    if (insideBox(loc, bLeft, tRight) == 0) {
+        imageStore(imgOutput, loc, vec4(0, 0, 0, 1));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    vec4 outColor = AreaSampling(loc);
+    imageStore(imgOutput, ivec2(translateDest(loc)), vec4(outColor.rgb, 1));
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/Shaders/fsr_scaling.glsl

@@ -85,4 +85,4 @@ void main() {
     CurrFilter(gxy);
     gxy.x -= 8u;
     CurrFilter(gxy);
-}
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Image/ImageArray.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
-using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
 {
@@ -19,14 +18,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
             _images = new TextureRef[size];
         }
 
-        public void SetFormats(int index, GAL.Format[] imageFormats)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < imageFormats.Length; i++)
-            {
-                _images[index + i].Format = imageFormats[i];
-            }
-        }
-
         public void SetImages(int index, ITexture[] images)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < images.Length; i++)
@@ -36,6 +27,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
                 if (image is TextureBase imageBase)
                 {
                     _images[index + i].Handle = imageBase.Handle;
+                    _images[index + i].Format = imageBase.Format;
                 }
                 else
                 {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Image/TextureBuffer.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using System;
-using System.Buffers;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
 {
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data)
         {
-            var dataSpan = data.Memory.Span;
+            var dataSpan = data.Span;
 
             Buffer.SetData(_buffer, _bufferOffset, dataSpan[..Math.Min(dataSpan.Length, _bufferSize)]);
 
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
         {
             throw new NotSupportedException();
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
         {
             throw new NotSupportedException();
         }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Image/TextureView.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using System;
-using System.Buffers;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
@@ -448,13 +448,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
             }
         }
 
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data)
         {
             using (data = EnsureDataFormat(data))
             {
                 unsafe
                 {
-                    var dataSpan = data.Memory.Span;
+                    var dataSpan = data.Span;
                     fixed (byte* ptr = dataSpan)
                     {
                         ReadFrom((IntPtr)ptr, dataSpan.Length);
@@ -463,13 +463,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
             }
         }
 
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
         {
             using (data = EnsureDataFormat(data))
             {
                 unsafe
                 {
-                    fixed (byte* ptr = data.Memory.Span)
+                    fixed (byte* ptr = data.Span)
                     {
                         int width = Math.Max(Info.Width >> level, 1);
                         int height = Math.Max(Info.Height >> level, 1);
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
             }
         }
 
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
         {
             using (data = EnsureDataFormat(data))
             {
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
 
                 unsafe
                 {
-                    fixed (byte* ptr = data.Memory.Span)
+                    fixed (byte* ptr = data.Span)
                     {
                         ReadFrom2D(
                             (IntPtr)ptr,
@@ -522,13 +522,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
             ReadFrom2D(data, layer, level, x, y, width, height, mipSize);
         }
 
-        private IMemoryOwner<byte> EnsureDataFormat(IMemoryOwner<byte> data)
+        private MemoryOwner<byte> EnsureDataFormat(MemoryOwner<byte> data)
         {
             if (Format == Format.S8UintD24Unorm)
             {
                 using (data)
                 {
-                    return FormatConverter.ConvertS8D24ToD24S8(data.Memory.Span);
+                    return FormatConverter.ConvertS8D24ToD24S8(data.Span);
                 }
             }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/OpenGLRenderer.cs

@@ -202,7 +202,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                 shaderSubgroupSize: Constants.MaxSubgroupSize,
                 storageBufferOffsetAlignment: HwCapabilities.StorageBufferOffsetAlignment,
                 textureBufferOffsetAlignment: HwCapabilities.TextureBufferOffsetAlignment,
-                gatherBiasPrecision: intelWindows || amdWindows ? 8 : 0); // Precision is 8 for these vendors on Vulkan.
+                gatherBiasPrecision: intelWindows || amdWindows ? 8 : 0, // Precision is 8 for these vendors on Vulkan.
+                maximumGpuMemory: 0);
         }
 
         public void SetBufferData(BufferHandle buffer, int offset, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Pipeline.cs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
 
         private readonly Vector4<int>[] _fpIsBgra = new Vector4<int>[SupportBuffer.FragmentIsBgraCount];
 
-        private readonly (TextureBase, Format)[] _images;
+        private readonly TextureBase[] _images;
         private TextureBase _unit0Texture;
         private Sampler _unit0Sampler;
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             _fragmentOutputMap = uint.MaxValue;
             _componentMasks = uint.MaxValue;
 
-            _images = new (TextureBase, Format)[SavedImages];
+            _images = new TextureBase[SavedImages];
 
             _tfbs = new BufferHandle[Constants.MaxTransformFeedbackBuffers];
             _tfbTargets = new BufferRange[Constants.MaxTransformFeedbackBuffers];
@@ -935,11 +935,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
             SetFrontFace(_frontFace = frontFace.Convert());
         }
 
-        public void SetImage(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture, Format imageFormat)
+        public void SetImage(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture texture)
         {
             if ((uint)binding < SavedImages)
             {
-                _images[binding] = (texture as TextureBase, imageFormat);
+                _images[binding] = texture as TextureBase;
             }
 
             if (texture == null)
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
 
             TextureBase texBase = (TextureBase)texture;
 
-            SizedInternalFormat format = FormatTable.GetImageFormat(imageFormat);
+            SizedInternalFormat format = FormatTable.GetImageFormat(texBase.Format);
 
             if (format != 0)
             {
@@ -1622,11 +1622,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < SavedImages; i++)
             {
-                (TextureBase texBase, Format imageFormat) = _images[i];
+                TextureBase texBase = _images[i];
 
                 if (texBase != null)
                 {
-                    SizedInternalFormat format = FormatTable.GetImageFormat(imageFormat);
+                    SizedInternalFormat format = FormatTable.GetImageFormat(texBase.Format);
 
                     if (format != 0)
                     {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.csproj

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\Shaders\ffx_fsr1.h" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\Shaders\ffx_a.h" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\Shaders\fsr_scaling.glsl" />
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\Shaders\area_scaling.glsl" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Window.cs

@@ -373,6 +373,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                         _isLinear = false;
                         _scalingFilter.Level = _scalingFilterLevel;
 
+                        RecreateUpscalingTexture();
+                        break;
+                    case ScalingFilter.Area:
+                        if (_scalingFilter is not AreaScalingFilter)
+                        {
+                            _scalingFilter?.Dispose();
+                            _scalingFilter = new AreaScalingFilter(_renderer);
+                        }
+                        _isLinear = false;
+
                         RecreateUpscalingTexture();
                         break;
                 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Instructions/InstEmitMemory.cs

@@ -222,30 +222,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
                         context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log($"Invalid reduction type: {type}.");
                     }
                     break;
-                case AtomOp.And:
-                    if (type == AtomSize.S32 || type == AtomSize.U32)
+                case AtomOp.Min:
+                    if (type == AtomSize.S32)
                     {
-                        res = context.AtomicAnd(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
+                        res = context.AtomicMinS32(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
                     }
-                    else
+                    else if (type == AtomSize.U32)
                     {
-                        context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log($"Invalid reduction type: {type}.");
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case AtomOp.Xor:
-                    if (type == AtomSize.S32 || type == AtomSize.U32)
-                    {
-                        res = context.AtomicXor(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log($"Invalid reduction type: {type}.");
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case AtomOp.Or:
-                    if (type == AtomSize.S32 || type == AtomSize.U32)
-                    {
-                        res = context.AtomicOr(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
+                        res = context.AtomicMinU32(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
                     }
                     else
                     {
@@ -266,20 +250,49 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
                         context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log($"Invalid reduction type: {type}.");
                     }
                     break;
-                case AtomOp.Min:
-                    if (type == AtomSize.S32)
+                case AtomOp.And:
+                    if (type == AtomSize.S32 || type == AtomSize.U32)
                     {
-                        res = context.AtomicMinS32(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
-                    }
-                    else if (type == AtomSize.U32)
-                    {
-                        res = context.AtomicMinU32(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
+                        res = context.AtomicAnd(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log($"Invalid reduction type: {type}.");
                     }
                     break;
+                case AtomOp.Or:
+                    if (type == AtomSize.S32 || type == AtomSize.U32)
+                    {
+                        res = context.AtomicOr(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log($"Invalid reduction type: {type}.");
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case AtomOp.Xor:
+                    if (type == AtomSize.S32 || type == AtomSize.U32)
+                    {
+                        res = context.AtomicXor(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log($"Invalid reduction type: {type}.");
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case AtomOp.Exch:
+                    if (type == AtomSize.S32 || type == AtomSize.U32)
+                    {
+                        res = context.AtomicSwap(storageKind, e0, e1, value);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log($"Invalid reduction type: {type}.");
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log($"Invalid atomic operation: {op}.");
+                    break;
             }
 
             return res;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Optimizations/Utils.cs

@@ -138,6 +138,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
                 // Ensure that conditions met for that branch are also met for the current one.
                 // Prefer the latest sources for the phi node.
 
+                int undefCount = 0;
+
                 for (int i = phiNode.SourcesCount - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                 {
                     BasicBlock phiBlock = phiNode.GetBlock(i);
@@ -159,6 +161,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations
                             return match;
                         }
                     }
+                    else if (phiSource.Type == OperandType.Undefined)
+                    {
+                        undefCount++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // If all sources but one are undefined, we can assume that the one
+                // that is not undefined is the right one.
+
+                if (undefCount == phiNode.SourcesCount - 1)
+                {
+                    for (int i = phiNode.SourcesCount - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+                    {
+                        Operand phiSource = phiNode.GetSource(i);
+
+                        if (phiSource.Type != OperandType.Undefined)
+                        {
+                            return phiSource;
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
             }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader/Translation/Translator.cs

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
 
             if (stage == ShaderStage.Vertex)
             {
-                InitializePositionOutput(context);
+                InitializeVertexOutputs(context);
             }
 
             UInt128 usedAttributes = context.TranslatorContext.AttributeUsage.NextInputAttributesComponents;
@@ -236,12 +236,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
             }
         }
 
-        private static void InitializePositionOutput(EmitterContext context)
+        private static void InitializeVertexOutputs(EmitterContext context)
         {
             for (int c = 0; c < 4; c++)
             {
                 context.Store(StorageKind.Output, IoVariable.Position, null, Const(c), ConstF(c == 3 ? 1f : 0f));
             }
+
+            if (context.Program.ClipDistancesWritten != 0)
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+                {
+                    context.Store(StorageKind.Output, IoVariable.ClipDistance, null, Const(i), ConstF(0f));
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         private static void InitializeOutput(EmitterContext context, int location, bool perPatch)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/DescriptorSetUpdater.cs

@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private readonly ImageRef[] _imageRefs;
         private readonly TextureBuffer[] _bufferTextureRefs;
         private readonly TextureBuffer[] _bufferImageRefs;
-        private readonly Format[] _bufferImageFormats;
 
         private ArrayRef<TextureArray>[] _textureArrayRefs;
         private ArrayRef<ImageArray>[] _imageArrayRefs;
@@ -141,7 +140,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _imageRefs = new ImageRef[Constants.MaxImageBindings * 2];
             _bufferTextureRefs = new TextureBuffer[Constants.MaxTextureBindings * 2];
             _bufferImageRefs = new TextureBuffer[Constants.MaxImageBindings * 2];
-            _bufferImageFormats = new Format[Constants.MaxImageBindings * 2];
 
             _textureArrayRefs = Array.Empty<ArrayRef<TextureArray>>();
             _imageArrayRefs = Array.Empty<ArrayRef<ImageArray>>();
@@ -391,17 +389,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _dirty = DirtyFlags.All;
         }
 
-        public void SetImage(
-            CommandBufferScoped cbs,
-            ShaderStage stage,
-            int binding,
-            ITexture image,
-            Format imageFormat)
+        public void SetImage(CommandBufferScoped cbs, ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture image)
         {
             if (image is TextureBuffer imageBuffer)
             {
                 _bufferImageRefs[binding] = imageBuffer;
-                _bufferImageFormats[binding] = imageFormat;
             }
             else if (image is TextureView view)
             {
@@ -410,13 +402,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 iRef.View?.ClearUsage(FeedbackLoopHazards);
                 view?.PrepareForUsage(cbs, stage.ConvertToPipelineStageFlags(), FeedbackLoopHazards);
 
-                iRef = new(stage, view, view.GetView(imageFormat).GetIdentityImageView());
+                iRef = new(stage, view, view.GetIdentityImageView());
             }
             else
             {
                 _imageRefs[binding] = default;
                 _bufferImageRefs[binding] = null;
-                _bufferImageFormats[binding] = default;
             }
 
             SignalDirty(DirtyFlags.Image);
@@ -923,7 +914,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                             for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
                             {
-                                bufferImages[i] = _bufferImageRefs[binding + i]?.GetBufferView(cbs, _bufferImageFormats[binding + i], true) ?? default;
+                                bufferImages[i] = _bufferImageRefs[binding + i]?.GetBufferView(cbs, true) ?? default;
                             }
 
                             tu.Push<BufferView>(bufferImages[..count]);

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Effects/AreaScalingFilter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using System;
+using Extent2D = Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Extents2D;
+using Format = Silk.NET.Vulkan.Format;
+using SamplerCreateInfo = Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.SamplerCreateInfo;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
+{
+    internal class AreaScalingFilter : IScalingFilter
+    {
+        private readonly VulkanRenderer _renderer;
+        private PipelineHelperShader _pipeline;
+        private ISampler _sampler;
+        private ShaderCollection _scalingProgram;
+        private Device _device;
+
+        public float Level { get; set; }
+
+        public AreaScalingFilter(VulkanRenderer renderer, Device device)
+        {
+            _device = device;
+            _renderer = renderer;
+
+            Initialize();
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _pipeline.Dispose();
+            _scalingProgram.Dispose();
+            _sampler.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public void Initialize()
+        {
+            _pipeline = new PipelineHelperShader(_renderer, _device);
+
+            _pipeline.Initialize();
+
+            var scalingShader = EmbeddedResources.Read("Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Effects/Shaders/AreaScaling.spv");
+
+            var scalingResourceLayout = new ResourceLayoutBuilder()
+                .Add(ResourceStages.Compute, ResourceType.UniformBuffer, 2)
+                .Add(ResourceStages.Compute, ResourceType.TextureAndSampler, 1)
+                .Add(ResourceStages.Compute, ResourceType.Image, 0, true).Build();
+
+            _sampler = _renderer.CreateSampler(SamplerCreateInfo.Create(MinFilter.Linear, MagFilter.Linear));
+
+            _scalingProgram = _renderer.CreateProgramWithMinimalLayout(new[]
+            {
+                new ShaderSource(scalingShader, ShaderStage.Compute, TargetLanguage.Spirv),
+            }, scalingResourceLayout);
+        }
+
+        public void Run(
+            TextureView view,
+            CommandBufferScoped cbs,
+            Auto<DisposableImageView> destinationTexture,
+            Format format,
+            int width,
+            int height,
+            Extent2D source,
+            Extent2D destination)
+        {
+            _pipeline.SetCommandBuffer(cbs);
+            _pipeline.SetProgram(_scalingProgram);
+            _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 1, view, _sampler);
+
+            ReadOnlySpan<float> dimensionsBuffer = stackalloc float[]
+            {
+                source.X1,
+                source.X2,
+                source.Y1,
+                source.Y2,
+                destination.X1,
+                destination.X2,
+                destination.Y1,
+                destination.Y2,
+            };
+
+            int rangeSize = dimensionsBuffer.Length * sizeof(float);
+            using var buffer = _renderer.BufferManager.ReserveOrCreate(_renderer, cbs, rangeSize);
+            buffer.Holder.SetDataUnchecked(buffer.Offset, dimensionsBuffer);
+
+            int threadGroupWorkRegionDim = 16;
+            int dispatchX = (width + (threadGroupWorkRegionDim - 1)) / threadGroupWorkRegionDim;
+            int dispatchY = (height + (threadGroupWorkRegionDim - 1)) / threadGroupWorkRegionDim;
+
+            _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers(stackalloc[] { new BufferAssignment(2, buffer.Range) });
+            _pipeline.SetImage(0, destinationTexture);
+            _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
+            _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();
+
+            _pipeline.Finish();
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Effects/FsrScalingFilter.cs

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
             int dispatchY = (height + (threadGroupWorkRegionDim - 1)) / threadGroupWorkRegionDim;
 
             _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers(stackalloc[] { new BufferAssignment(2, buffer.Range) });
-            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _intermediaryTexture, FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format));
+            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _intermediaryTexture.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
             _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Effects/FxaaPostProcessingEffect.cs

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
             var dispatchX = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(view.Width, IPostProcessingEffect.LocalGroupSize);
             var dispatchY = BitUtils.DivRoundUp(view.Height, IPostProcessingEffect.LocalGroupSize);
 
-            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _texture, FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format));
+            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _texture.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
 
             _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Effects/Shaders/AreaScaling.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Scaling
+
+#version 430 core
+layout (local_size_x = 16, local_size_y = 16) in;
+layout( rgba8, binding = 0, set = 3) uniform image2D imgOutput;
+layout( binding = 1, set = 2) uniform sampler2D Source;
+layout( binding = 2 ) uniform dimensions{
+ float srcX0;
+ float srcX1;
+ float srcY0;
+ float srcY1;
+ float dstX0;
+ float dstX1;
+ float dstY0;
+ float dstY1;
+};
+
+/***** Area Sampling *****/
+
+// By Sam Belliveau and Filippo Tarpini. Public Domain license.
+// Effectively a more accurate sharp bilinear filter when upscaling,
+// that also works as a mathematically perfect downscale filter.
+// https://entropymine.com/imageworsener/pixelmixing/
+// https://github.com/obsproject/obs-studio/pull/1715
+// https://legacy.imagemagick.org/Usage/filter/
+vec4 AreaSampling(vec2 xy)
+{
+    // Determine the sizes of the source and target images.
+    vec2 source_size = vec2(abs(srcX1 - srcX0), abs(srcY1 - srcY0));
+    vec2 target_size = vec2(abs(dstX1 - dstX0), abs(dstY1 - dstY0));
+    vec2 inverted_target_size = vec2(1.0) / target_size;
+
+    // Compute the top-left and bottom-right corners of the target pixel box.
+    vec2 t_beg = floor(xy - vec2(dstX0 < dstX1 ? dstX0 : dstX1, dstY0 < dstY1 ? dstY0 : dstY1));
+    vec2 t_end = t_beg + vec2(1.0, 1.0);
+
+    // Convert the target pixel box to source pixel box.
+    vec2 beg = t_beg * inverted_target_size * source_size;
+    vec2 end = t_end * inverted_target_size * source_size;
+
+    // Compute the top-left and bottom-right corners of the pixel box.
+    ivec2 f_beg = ivec2(beg);
+    ivec2 f_end = ivec2(end);
+
+    // Compute how much of the start and end pixels are covered horizontally & vertically.
+    float area_w = 1.0 - fract(beg.x);
+    float area_n = 1.0 - fract(beg.y);
+    float area_e = fract(end.x);
+    float area_s = fract(end.y);
+
+    // Compute the areas of the corner pixels in the pixel box.
+    float area_nw = area_n * area_w;
+    float area_ne = area_n * area_e;
+    float area_sw = area_s * area_w;
+    float area_se = area_s * area_e;
+
+    // Initialize the color accumulator.
+    vec4 avg_color = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+
+    // Accumulate corner pixels.
+    avg_color += area_nw * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_beg.x, f_beg.y), 0);
+    avg_color += area_ne * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_end.x, f_beg.y), 0);
+    avg_color += area_sw * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_beg.x, f_end.y), 0);
+    avg_color += area_se * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_end.x, f_end.y), 0);
+
+    // Determine the size of the pixel box.
+    int x_range = int(f_end.x - f_beg.x - 0.5);
+    int y_range = int(f_end.y - f_beg.y - 0.5);
+
+    // Accumulate top and bottom edge pixels.
+    for (int x = f_beg.x + 1; x <= f_beg.x + x_range; ++x)
+    {
+        avg_color += area_n * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(x, f_beg.y), 0);
+        avg_color += area_s * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(x, f_end.y), 0);
+    }
+
+    // Accumulate left and right edge pixels and all the pixels in between.
+    for (int y = f_beg.y + 1; y <= f_beg.y + y_range; ++y)
+    {
+        avg_color += area_w * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_beg.x, y), 0);
+        avg_color += area_e * texelFetch(Source, ivec2(f_end.x, y), 0);
+
+        for (int x = f_beg.x + 1; x <= f_beg.x + x_range; ++x)
+        {
+            avg_color += texelFetch(Source, ivec2(x, y), 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Compute the area of the pixel box that was sampled.
+    float area_corners = area_nw + area_ne + area_sw + area_se;
+    float area_edges = float(x_range) * (area_n + area_s) + float(y_range) * (area_w + area_e);
+    float area_center = float(x_range) * float(y_range);
+
+    // Return the normalized average color.
+    return avg_color / (area_corners + area_edges + area_center);
+}
+
+float insideBox(vec2 v, vec2 bLeft, vec2 tRight) {
+    vec2 s = step(bLeft, v) - step(tRight, v);
+    return s.x * s.y;
+}
+
+vec2 translateDest(vec2 pos) {
+    vec2 translatedPos = vec2(pos.x, pos.y);
+    translatedPos.x = dstX1 < dstX0 ? dstX1 - translatedPos.x : translatedPos.x;
+    translatedPos.y = dstY0 < dstY1 ? dstY1 + dstY0 - translatedPos.y - 1 : translatedPos.y;
+    return translatedPos;
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    vec2 bLeft = vec2(dstX0 < dstX1 ? dstX0 : dstX1, dstY0 < dstY1 ? dstY0 : dstY1);
+    vec2 tRight = vec2(dstX1 > dstX0 ? dstX1 : dstX0, dstY1 > dstY0 ? dstY1 : dstY0);
+    ivec2 loc = ivec2(gl_GlobalInvocationID.x, gl_GlobalInvocationID.y);
+    if (insideBox(loc, bLeft, tRight) == 0) {
+        imageStore(imgOutput, loc, vec4(0, 0, 0, 1));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    vec4 outColor = AreaSampling(loc);
+    imageStore(imgOutput, ivec2(translateDest(loc)), vec4(outColor.rgb, 1));
+}

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Effects/SmaaPostProcessingEffect.cs

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
 
             buffer.Holder.SetDataUnchecked(buffer.Offset, resolutionBuffer);
             _pipeline.SetUniformBuffers(stackalloc[] { new BufferAssignment(2, buffer.Range) });
-            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _edgeOutputTexture, FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format));
+            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _edgeOutputTexture.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
             _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
             _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 1, _edgeOutputTexture, _samplerLinear);
             _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 3, _areaTexture, _samplerLinear);
             _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 4, _searchTexture, _samplerLinear);
-            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _blendOutputTexture, FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format));
+            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _blendOutputTexture.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
             _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();
 
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.Effects
             _pipeline.Specialize(_specConstants);
             _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 3, _blendOutputTexture, _samplerLinear);
             _pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, 1, view, _samplerLinear);
-            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _outputTexture, FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format));
+            _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, _outputTexture.GetView(FormatTable.ConvertRgba8SrgbToUnorm(view.Info.Format)));
             _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
             _pipeline.ComputeBarrier();
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/HelperShader.cs

@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                     var dstView = Create2DLayerView(dst, dstLayer + z, dstLevel + l);
 
                     _pipeline.SetTextureAndSamplerIdentitySwizzle(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, srcView, null);
-                    _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, dstView, dstFormat);
+                    _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, dstView.GetView(dstFormat));
 
                     int dispatchX = (Math.Min(srcView.Info.Width, dstView.Info.Width) + 31) / 32;
                     int dispatchY = (Math.Min(srcView.Info.Height, dstView.Info.Height) + 31) / 32;
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                     var dstView = Create2DLayerView(dst, dstLayer + z, 0);
 
                     _pipeline.SetTextureAndSamplerIdentitySwizzle(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, srcView, null);
-                    _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, dstView, format);
+                    _pipeline.SetImage(ShaderStage.Compute, 0, dstView.GetView(format));
 
                     _pipeline.DispatchCompute(dispatchX, dispatchY, 1);
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/ImageArray.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         {
             public TextureStorage Storage;
             public TextureView View;
-            public GAL.Format ImageFormat;
         }
 
         private readonly TextureRef[] _textureRefs;
@@ -52,16 +51,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             _isBuffer = isBuffer;
         }
 
-        public void SetFormats(int index, GAL.Format[] imageFormats)
-        {
-            for (int i = 0; i < imageFormats.Length; i++)
-            {
-                _textureRefs[index + i].ImageFormat = imageFormats[i];
-            }
-
-            SetDirty();
-        }
-
         public void SetImages(int index, ITexture[] images)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < images.Length; i++)
@@ -142,7 +131,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 ref var texture = ref textures[i];
                 ref var refs = ref _textureRefs[i];
 
-                if (i > 0 && _textureRefs[i - 1].View == refs.View && _textureRefs[i - 1].ImageFormat == refs.ImageFormat)
+                if (i > 0 && _textureRefs[i - 1].View == refs.View)
                 {
                     texture = textures[i - 1];
 
@@ -150,7 +139,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 }
 
                 texture.ImageLayout = ImageLayout.General;
-                texture.ImageView = refs.View?.GetView(refs.ImageFormat).GetIdentityImageView().Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
+                texture.ImageView = refs.View?.GetIdentityImageView().Get(cbs).Value ?? default;
 
                 if (texture.ImageView.Handle == 0)
                 {
@@ -167,7 +156,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             for (int i = 0; i < bufferTextures.Length; i++)
             {
-                bufferTextures[i] = _bufferTextureRefs[i]?.GetBufferView(cbs, _textureRefs[i].ImageFormat, true) ?? default;
+                bufferTextures[i] = _bufferTextureRefs[i]?.GetBufferView(cbs, true) ?? default;
             }
 
             return bufferTextures;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/PipelineBase.cs

@@ -636,9 +636,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 var oldStencilTestEnable = _newState.StencilTestEnable;
                 var oldDepthTestEnable = _newState.DepthTestEnable;
                 var oldDepthWriteEnable = _newState.DepthWriteEnable;
-                var oldTopology = _newState.Topology;
                 var oldViewports = DynamicState.Viewports;
                 var oldViewportsCount = _newState.ViewportsCount;
+                var oldTopology = _topology;
 
                 _newState.CullMode = CullModeFlags.None;
                 _newState.StencilTestEnable = false;
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 _newState.StencilTestEnable = oldStencilTestEnable;
                 _newState.DepthTestEnable = oldDepthTestEnable;
                 _newState.DepthWriteEnable = oldDepthWriteEnable;
-                _newState.Topology = oldTopology;
+                SetPrimitiveTopology(oldTopology);
 
                 DynamicState.SetViewports(ref oldViewports, oldViewportsCount);
 
@@ -836,9 +836,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
             SignalStateChange();
         }
 
-        public void SetImage(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture image, Format imageFormat)
+        public void SetImage(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture image)
         {
-            _descriptorSetUpdater.SetImage(Cbs, stage, binding, image, imageFormat);
+            _descriptorSetUpdater.SetImage(Cbs, stage, binding, image);
         }
 
         public void SetImage(int binding, Auto<DisposableImageView> image)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan.csproj

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\Textures\SmaaAreaTexture.bin" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\Textures\SmaaSearchTexture.bin" />
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\Shaders\AreaScaling.spv" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\Shaders\FsrScaling.spv" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\Shaders\FsrSharpening.spv" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Effects\Shaders\Fxaa.spv" />

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/TextureBuffer.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
 using System;
-using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using Format = Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL.Format;
 using VkFormat = Silk.NET.Vulkan.Format;
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private int _offset;
         private int _size;
         private Auto<DisposableBufferView> _bufferView;
-        private Dictionary<Format, Auto<DisposableBufferView>> _selfManagedViews;
 
         private int _bufferCount;
 
@@ -80,35 +79,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
         private void ReleaseImpl()
         {
-            if (_selfManagedViews != null)
-            {
-                foreach (var bufferView in _selfManagedViews.Values)
-                {
-                    bufferView.Dispose();
-                }
-
-                _selfManagedViews = null;
-            }
-
             _bufferView?.Dispose();
             _bufferView = null;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data)
         {
-            _gd.SetBufferData(_bufferHandle, _offset, data.Memory.Span);
+            _gd.SetBufferData(_bufferHandle, _offset, data.Span);
             data.Dispose();
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
         {
             throw new NotSupportedException();
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
         {
             throw new NotSupportedException();
         }
@@ -137,28 +126,5 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
             return _bufferView?.Get(cbs, _offset, _size, write).Value ?? default;
         }
-
-        public BufferView GetBufferView(CommandBufferScoped cbs, Format format, bool write)
-        {
-            var vkFormat = FormatTable.GetFormat(format);
-            if (vkFormat == VkFormat)
-            {
-                return GetBufferView(cbs, write);
-            }
-
-            if (_selfManagedViews != null && _selfManagedViews.TryGetValue(format, out var bufferView))
-            {
-                return bufferView.Get(cbs, _offset, _size, write).Value;
-            }
-
-            bufferView = _gd.BufferManager.CreateView(_bufferHandle, vkFormat, _offset, _size, ReleaseImpl);
-
-            if (bufferView != null)
-            {
-                (_selfManagedViews ??= new Dictionary<Format, Auto<DisposableBufferView>>()).Add(format, bufferView);
-            }
-
-            return bufferView?.Get(cbs, _offset, _size, write).Value ?? default;
-        }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/TextureView.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
 using System;
-using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
@@ -746,23 +746,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data)
         {
-            SetData(data.Memory.Span, 0, 0, Info.GetLayers(), Info.Levels, singleSlice: false);
+            SetData(data.Span, 0, 0, Info.GetLayers(), Info.Levels, singleSlice: false);
             data.Dispose();
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level)
         {
-            SetData(data.Memory.Span, layer, level, 1, 1, singleSlice: true);
+            SetData(data.Span, layer, level, 1, 1, singleSlice: true);
             data.Dispose();
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public void SetData(IMemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
+        public void SetData(MemoryOwner<byte> data, int layer, int level, Rectangle<int> region)
         {
-            SetData(data.Memory.Span, layer, level, 1, 1, singleSlice: true, region);
+            SetData(data.Span, layer, level, 1, 1, singleSlice: true, region);
             data.Dispose();
         }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/VulkanRenderer.cs

@@ -781,7 +781,26 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                 shaderSubgroupSize: (int)Capabilities.SubgroupSize,
                 storageBufferOffsetAlignment: (int)limits.MinStorageBufferOffsetAlignment,
                 textureBufferOffsetAlignment: (int)limits.MinTexelBufferOffsetAlignment,
-                gatherBiasPrecision: IsIntelWindows || IsAmdWindows ? (int)Capabilities.SubTexelPrecisionBits : 0);
+                gatherBiasPrecision: IsIntelWindows || IsAmdWindows ? (int)Capabilities.SubTexelPrecisionBits : 0,
+                maximumGpuMemory: GetTotalGPUMemory());
+        }
+
+        private ulong GetTotalGPUMemory()
+        {
+            ulong totalMemory = 0;
+
+            Api.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(_physicalDevice.PhysicalDevice, out PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memoryProperties);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < memoryProperties.MemoryHeapCount; i++)
+            {
+                var heap = memoryProperties.MemoryHeaps[i];
+                if ((heap.Flags & MemoryHeapFlags.DeviceLocalBit) == MemoryHeapFlags.DeviceLocalBit)
+                {
+                    totalMemory += heap.Size;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return totalMemory;
         }
 
         public HardwareInfo GetHardwareInfo()
@@ -865,6 +884,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
         private void PrintGpuInformation()
         {
             Logger.Notice.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"{GpuVendor} {GpuRenderer} ({GpuVersion})");
+            Logger.Notice.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"GPU Memory: {GetTotalGPUMemory() / (1024 * 1024)} MiB");
         }
 
         public void Initialize(GraphicsDebugLevel logLevel)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan/Window.cs

@@ -568,6 +568,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
 
                         _scalingFilter.Level = _scalingFilterLevel;
                         break;
+                    case ScalingFilter.Area:
+                        if (_scalingFilter is not AreaScalingFilter)
+                        {
+                            _scalingFilter?.Dispose();
+                            _scalingFilter = new AreaScalingFilter(_gd, _device);
+                        }
+                        break;
                 }
             }
         }

src/Ryujinx.Gtk3/UI/MainWindow.cs

@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.UI
             }
 
             var memoryConfiguration = ConfigurationState.Instance.System.ExpandRam.Value
-                ? HLE.MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration6GiB
+                ? HLE.MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration8GiB
                 : HLE.MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration4GiB;
 
             IntegrityCheckLevel fsIntegrityCheckLevel = ConfigurationState.Instance.System.EnableFsIntegrityChecks ? IntegrityCheckLevel.ErrorOnInvalid : IntegrityCheckLevel.None;

src/Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Kernel/Common/KSystemControl.cs

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common
                 MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange4GiBSystemDev or
                 MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange6GiBAppletDev => 3285 * MiB,
                 MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange4GiBAppletDev => 2048 * MiB,
-                MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange6GiB or
-                MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange8GiB => 4916 * MiB,
+                MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange6GiB => 4916 * MiB,
+                MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange8GiB => 6964 * MiB,
                 _ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid memory arrange \"{arrange}\"."),
             };
         }
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Common
                 MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange4GiBAppletDev => 1554 * MiB,
                 MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange4GiBSystemDev => 448 * MiB,
                 MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange6GiB => 562 * MiB,
-                MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange6GiBAppletDev or
-                MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange8GiB => 2193 * MiB,
+                MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange6GiBAppletDev => 2193 * MiB,
+                MemoryArrange.MemoryArrange8GiB => 562 * MiB,
                 _ => throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid memory arrange \"{arrange}\"."),
             };
         }

src/Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/SurfaceFlinger/Parcel.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
     {
         private readonly MemoryOwner<byte> _rawDataOwner;
 
-        private Span<byte> Raw => _rawDataOwner.Memory.Span;
+        private Span<byte> Raw => _rawDataOwner.Span;
 
         private ref ParcelHeader Header => ref MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, ParcelHeader>(Raw)[0];
 

src/Ryujinx.HLE/HOS/Services/SurfaceFlinger/SurfaceFlinger.cs

@@ -412,9 +412,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.SurfaceFlinger
 
             Format format = ConvertColorFormat(item.GraphicBuffer.Object.Buffer.Surfaces[0].ColorFormat);
 
-            int bytesPerPixel =
+            byte bytesPerPixel =
                 format == Format.B5G6R5Unorm ||
-                format == Format.R4G4B4A4Unorm ? 2 : 4;
+                format == Format.R4G4B4A4Unorm ? (byte)2 : (byte)4;
 
             int gobBlocksInY = 1 << item.GraphicBuffer.Object.Buffer.Surfaces[0].BlockHeightLog2;
 

src/Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2/Options.cs

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
 
         // Hacks
 
-        [Option("expand-ram", Required = false, Default = false, HelpText = "Expands the RAM amount on the emulated system from 4GiB to 6GiB.")]
+        [Option("expand-ram", Required = false, Default = false, HelpText = "Expands the RAM amount on the emulated system from 4GiB to 8GiB.")]
         public bool ExpandRAM { get; set; }
 
         [Option("ignore-missing-services", Required = false, Default = false, HelpText = "Enable ignoring missing services.")]

src/Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2/Program.cs

@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Headless.SDL2
                 _userChannelPersistence,
                 renderer,
                 new SDL2HardwareDeviceDriver(),
-                options.ExpandRAM ? MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration6GiB : MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration4GiB,
+                options.ExpandRAM ? MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration8GiB : MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration4GiB,
                 window,
                 options.SystemLanguage,
                 options.SystemRegion,

src/Ryujinx.Horizon/Sdk/Audio/AudioResult.cs

@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Sdk.Audio
 
         public static Result DeviceNotFound => new(ModuleId, 1);
         public static Result UnsupportedRevision => new(ModuleId, 2);
+        public static Result NotImplemented => new(ModuleId, 513);
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Horizon/Sdk/Audio/Detail/AudioDevice.cs

@@ -233,6 +233,48 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Horizon.Sdk.Audio.Detail
             return Result.Success;
         }
 
+        [CmifCommand(15)] // 17.0.0+
+        public Result AcquireAudioOutputDeviceNotification([CopyHandle] out int eventHandle, ulong deviceId)
+        {
+            eventHandle = 0;
+
+            return AudioResult.NotImplemented;
+        }
+
+        [CmifCommand(16)] // 17.0.0+
+        public Result ReleaseAudioOutputDeviceNotification(ulong deviceId)
+        {
+            return AudioResult.NotImplemented;
+        }
+
+        [CmifCommand(17)] // 17.0.0+
+        public Result AcquireAudioInputDeviceNotification([CopyHandle] out int eventHandle, ulong deviceId)
+        {
+            eventHandle = 0;
+
+            return AudioResult.NotImplemented;
+        }
+
+        [CmifCommand(18)] // 17.0.0+
+        public Result ReleaseAudioInputDeviceNotification(ulong deviceId)
+        {
+            return AudioResult.NotImplemented;
+        }
+
+        [CmifCommand(19)] // 18.0.0+
+        public Result SetAudioDeviceOutputVolumeAutoTuneEnabled(bool enabled)
+        {
+            return AudioResult.NotImplemented;
+        }
+
+        [CmifCommand(20)] // 18.0.0+
+        public Result IsAudioDeviceOutputVolumeAutoTuneEnabled(out bool enabled)
+        {
+            enabled = false;
+
+            return AudioResult.NotImplemented;
+        }
+
         protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
         {
             if (disposing)

src/Ryujinx.Memory/WritableRegion.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using System;
-using System.Buffers;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Memory
 {
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory
     {
         private readonly IWritableBlock _block;
         private readonly ulong _va;
-        private readonly IMemoryOwner<byte> _memoryOwner;
+        private readonly MemoryOwner<byte> _memoryOwner;
         private readonly bool _tracked;
 
         private bool NeedsWriteback => _block != null;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Memory
             Memory = memory;
         }
 
-        public WritableRegion(IWritableBlock block, ulong va, IMemoryOwner<byte> memoryOwner, bool tracked = false)
+        public WritableRegion(IWritableBlock block, ulong va, MemoryOwner<byte> memoryOwner, bool tracked = false)
             : this(block, va, memoryOwner.Memory, tracked)
         {
             _memoryOwner = memoryOwner;

src/Ryujinx.SDL2.Common/SDL2Driver.cs

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.SDL2.Common
                     return;
                 }
 
+                SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_APP_NAME, "Ryujinx");
                 SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_PS4_RUMBLE, "1");
                 SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_PS5_RUMBLE, "1");
                 SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_ALLOW_BACKGROUND_EVENTS, "1");

src/Ryujinx.Tests/Audio/Renderer/Server/BehaviourContextTests.cs

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.70f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(1, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.70f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(1, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -111,6 +113,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.70f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(1, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -139,6 +142,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.75f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(1, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -167,6 +171,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.80f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(2, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -195,6 +200,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.80f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(2, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -223,6 +229,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.80f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(2, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -251,6 +258,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.80f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(3, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -279,6 +287,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.80f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(3, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -307,6 +316,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.80f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(4, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -335,6 +345,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.80f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(5, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
@@ -363,6 +374,36 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Tests.Audio.Renderer.Server
             Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
             Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
             Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsFalse(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(0.80f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
+            Assert.AreEqual(5, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, behaviourContext.GetPerformanceMetricsDataFormat());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestRevision13()
+        {
+            BehaviourContext behaviourContext = new();
+
+            behaviourContext.SetUserRevision(BehaviourContext.BaseRevisionMagic + BehaviourContext.Revision13);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsAdpcmLoopContextBugFixed());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsSplitterSupported());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsLongSizePreDelaySupported());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsAudioUsbDeviceOutputSupported());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsFlushVoiceWaveBuffersSupported());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsSplitterBugFixed());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsElapsedFrameCountSupported());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsDecodingBehaviourFlagSupported());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterEffectStateClearBugFixed());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsMixInParameterDirtyOnlyUpdateSupported());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsWaveBufferVersion2Supported());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsEffectInfoVersion2Supported());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.UseMultiTapBiquadFilterProcessing());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsNewEffectChannelMappingSupported());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsBiquadFilterParameterForSplitterEnabled());
+            Assert.IsTrue(behaviourContext.IsSplitterPrevVolumeResetSupported());
 
             Assert.AreEqual(0.80f, behaviourContext.GetAudioRendererProcessingTimeLimit());
             Assert.AreEqual(5, behaviourContext.GetCommandProcessingTimeEstimatorVersion());

src/Ryujinx.UI.Common/Configuration/ConfigurationFileFormat.cs

@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.UI.Common.Configuration
         public MemoryManagerMode MemoryManagerMode { get; set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Expands the RAM amount on the emulated system from 4GiB to 6GiB
+        /// Expands the RAM amount on the emulated system from 4GiB to 8GiB
         /// </summary>
         public bool ExpandRam { get; set; }
 

src/Ryujinx/AppHost.cs

@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
             Logger.Info?.PrintMsg(LogClass.Gpu, $"Backend Threading ({threadingMode}): {isGALThreaded}");
 
             // Initialize Configuration.
-            var memoryConfiguration = ConfigurationState.Instance.System.ExpandRam.Value ? MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration6GiB : MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration4GiB;
+            var memoryConfiguration = ConfigurationState.Instance.System.ExpandRam.Value ? MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration8GiB : MemoryConfiguration.MemoryConfiguration4GiB;
 
             HLEConfiguration configuration = new(VirtualFileSystem,
                                                  _viewModel.LibHacHorizonManager,

src/Ryujinx/Assets/Locales/en_US.json

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
   "SettingsTabSystemAudioBackendSDL2": "SDL2",
   "SettingsTabSystemHacks": "Hacks",
   "SettingsTabSystemHacksNote": "May cause instability",
-  "SettingsTabSystemExpandDramSize": "Use alternative memory layout (Developers)",
+  "SettingsTabSystemExpandDramSize": "Expand DRAM to 8GiB",
   "SettingsTabSystemIgnoreMissingServices": "Ignore Missing Services",
   "SettingsTabGraphics": "Graphics",
   "SettingsTabGraphicsAPI": "Graphics API",
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@
   "MemoryManagerHostTooltip": "Directly map memory in the host address space. Much faster JIT compilation and execution.",
   "MemoryManagerUnsafeTooltip": "Directly map memory, but do not mask the address within the guest address space before access. Faster, but at the cost of safety. The guest application can access memory from anywhere in Ryujinx, so only run programs you trust with this mode.",
   "UseHypervisorTooltip": "Use Hypervisor instead of JIT. Greatly improves performance when available, but can be unstable in its current state.",
-  "DRamTooltip": "Utilizes an alternative MemoryMode layout to mimic a Switch development model.\n\nThis is only useful for higher-resolution texture packs or 4k resolution mods. Does NOT improve performance.\n\nLeave OFF if unsure.",
+  "DRamTooltip": "Utilizes an alternative memory mode with 8GiB of DRAM to mimic a Switch development model.\n\nThis is only useful for higher-resolution texture packs or 4k resolution mods. Does NOT improve performance.\n\nLeave OFF if unsure.",
   "IgnoreMissingServicesTooltip": "Ignores unimplemented Horizon OS services. This may help in bypassing crashes when booting certain games.\n\nLeave OFF if unsure.",
   "GraphicsBackendThreadingTooltip": "Executes graphics backend commands on a second thread.\n\nSpeeds up shader compilation, reduces stuttering, and improves performance on GPU drivers without multithreading support of their own. Slightly better performance on drivers with multithreading.\n\nSet to AUTO if unsure.",
   "GalThreadingTooltip": "Executes graphics backend commands on a second thread.\n\nSpeeds up shader compilation, reduces stuttering, and improves performance on GPU drivers without multithreading support of their own. Slightly better performance on drivers with multithreading.\n\nSet to AUTO if unsure.",
@@ -758,10 +758,11 @@
   "GraphicsAATooltip": "Applies anti-aliasing to the game render.\n\nFXAA will blur most of the image, while SMAA will attempt to find jagged edges and smooth them out.\n\nNot recommended to use in conjunction with the FSR scaling filter.\n\nThis option can be changed while a game is running by clicking \"Apply\" below; you can simply move the settings window aside and experiment until you find your preferred look for a game.\n\nLeave on NONE if unsure.",
   "GraphicsAALabel": "Anti-Aliasing:",
   "GraphicsScalingFilterLabel": "Scaling Filter:",
-  "GraphicsScalingFilterTooltip": "Choose the scaling filter that will be applied when using resolution scale.\n\nBilinear works well for 3D games and is a safe default option.\n\nNearest is recommended for pixel art games.\n\nFSR 1.0 is merely a sharpening filter, not recommended for use with FXAA or SMAA.\n\nThis option can be changed while a game is running by clicking \"Apply\" below; you can simply move the settings window aside and experiment until you find your preferred look for a game.\n\nLeave on BILINEAR if unsure.",
+  "GraphicsScalingFilterTooltip": "Choose the scaling filter that will be applied when using resolution scale.\n\nBilinear works well for 3D games and is a safe default option.\n\nNearest is recommended for pixel art games.\n\nFSR 1.0 is merely a sharpening filter, not recommended for use with FXAA or SMAA.\n\nArea scaling is recommended when downscaling resolutions that are larger than the output window. It can be used to achieve a supersampled anti-aliasing effect when downscaling by more than 2x.\n\nThis option can be changed while a game is running by clicking \"Apply\" below; you can simply move the settings window aside and experiment until you find your preferred look for a game.\n\nLeave on BILINEAR if unsure.",
   "GraphicsScalingFilterBilinear": "Bilinear",
   "GraphicsScalingFilterNearest": "Nearest",
   "GraphicsScalingFilterFsr": "FSR",
+  "GraphicsScalingFilterArea": "Area",
   "GraphicsScalingFilterLevelLabel": "Level",
   "GraphicsScalingFilterLevelTooltip": "Set FSR 1.0 sharpening level. Higher is sharper.",
   "SmaaLow": "SMAA Low",

src/Ryujinx/UI/Views/Settings/SettingsGraphicsView.axaml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<UserControl
+<UserControl
     x:Class="Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Views.Settings.SettingsGraphicsView"
     xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
@@ -173,6 +173,9 @@
                                 <ComboBoxItem>
                                     <TextBlock Text="{locale:Locale GraphicsScalingFilterFsr}" />
                                 </ComboBoxItem>
+                                <ComboBoxItem>
+                                    <TextBlock Text="{locale:Locale GraphicsScalingFilterArea}" />
+                                </ComboBoxItem>
                             </ComboBox>
                             <controls:SliderScroll Value="{Binding ScalingFilterLevel}"
                                     ToolTip.Tip="{locale:Locale GraphicsScalingFilterLevelTooltip}"