diff --git a/ptx/src/pass/emit_llvm.rs b/ptx/src/pass/emit_llvm.rs
index 96e0815..b816481 100644
--- a/ptx/src/pass/emit_llvm.rs
+++ b/ptx/src/pass/emit_llvm.rs
@@ -27,13 +27,11 @@
 use std::array::TryFromSliceError;
 use std::convert::TryInto;
 use std::ffi::{CStr, NulError};
-use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::{i8, ptr};
 
 use super::*;
 use llvm_zluda::analysis::{LLVMVerifierFailureAction, LLVMVerifyModule};
-use llvm_zluda::bit_reader::LLVMParseBitcodeInContext2;
 use llvm_zluda::bit_writer::LLVMWriteBitcodeToMemoryBuffer;
 use llvm_zluda::{core::*, *};
 use llvm_zluda::{prelude::*, LLVMZludaBuildAtomicRMW};
@@ -47,7 +45,7 @@ const SHARED_ADDRESS_SPACE: u32 = 3;
 const CONSTANT_ADDRESS_SPACE: u32 = 4;
 const PRIVATE_ADDRESS_SPACE: u32 = 5;
 
-struct Context(LLVMContextRef);
+pub struct Context(LLVMContextRef);
 
 impl Context {
     fn new() -> Self {
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ impl Drop for Context {
     }
 }
 
-struct Module(LLVMModuleRef);
+pub struct Module(LLVMModuleRef);
 
 impl Module {
     fn new(ctx: &Context, name: &CStr) -> Self {
@@ -94,10 +92,15 @@ impl Module {
         }
     }
 
-    fn write_bitcode_to_memory(&self) -> MemoryBuffer {
+    pub fn write_bitcode_to_memory(&self) -> MemoryBuffer {
         let memory_buffer = unsafe { LLVMWriteBitcodeToMemoryBuffer(self.get()) };
         MemoryBuffer(memory_buffer)
     }
+
+    pub fn print_module_to_string(&self) -> Message {
+        let asm = unsafe { LLVMPrintModuleToString(self.get()) };
+        Message(unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(asm) })
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for Module {
@@ -132,7 +135,7 @@ impl Drop for Builder {
     }
 }
 
-struct Message(&'static CStr);
+pub struct Message(&'static CStr);
 
 impl Drop for Message {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
@@ -148,23 +151,14 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for Message {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct MemoryBuffer(LLVMMemoryBufferRef);
-
-impl MemoryBuffer {
-    pub fn print_as_asm(&self) -> &str {
-        unsafe {
-            let context = Context::new();
-            let mut module = MaybeUninit::uninit();
-            LLVMParseBitcodeInContext2(context.0, self.0, module.as_mut_ptr());
-            let module = module.assume_init();
-            let asm = LLVMPrintModuleToString(module);
-            LLVMDisposeModule(module);
-            let asm = CStr::from_ptr(asm);
-            asm.to_str().unwrap().trim()
-        }
+impl Message {
+    pub fn to_str(&self) -> &str {
+        self.0.to_str().unwrap().trim()
     }
 }
 
+pub struct MemoryBuffer(LLVMMemoryBufferRef);
+
 impl Drop for MemoryBuffer {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         unsafe {
@@ -186,7 +180,7 @@ impl Deref for MemoryBuffer {
 pub(super) fn run<'input>(
     id_defs: GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>,
     directives: Vec<Directive2<'input, ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>>,
-) -> Result<MemoryBuffer, TranslateError> {
+) -> Result<(Module, Context), TranslateError> {
     let context = Context::new();
     let module = Module::new(&context, LLVM_UNNAMED);
     let mut emit_ctx = ModuleEmitContext::new(&context, &module, &id_defs);
@@ -199,7 +193,7 @@ pub(super) fn run<'input>(
     if let Err(err) = module.verify() {
         panic!("{:?}", err);
     }
-    Ok(module.write_bitcode_to_memory())
+    Ok((module, context))
 }
 
 struct ModuleEmitContext<'a, 'input> {
diff --git a/ptx/src/pass/mod.rs b/ptx/src/pass/mod.rs
index c32cc39..40df188 100644
--- a/ptx/src/pass/mod.rs
+++ b/ptx/src/pass/mod.rs
@@ -53,15 +53,17 @@ pub fn to_llvm_module<'input>(ast: ast::Module<'input>) -> Result<Module, Transl
     let directives = insert_implicit_conversions2::run(&mut flat_resolver, directives)?;
     let directives = replace_instructions_with_function_calls::run(&mut flat_resolver, directives)?;
     let directives = hoist_globals::run(directives)?;
-    let llvm_ir = emit_llvm::run(flat_resolver, directives)?;
+    let (llvm_ir, llvm_context) = emit_llvm::run(flat_resolver, directives)?;
     Ok(Module {
         llvm_ir,
+        _llvm_context: llvm_context,
         kernel_info: HashMap::new(),
     })
 }
 
 pub struct Module {
-    pub llvm_ir: emit_llvm::MemoryBuffer,
+    pub llvm_ir: emit_llvm::Module,
+    _llvm_context: emit_llvm::Context,
     pub kernel_info: HashMap<String, KernelInfo>,
 }
 
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mod.rs b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mod.rs
index 165835f..a57f71e 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mod.rs
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mod.rs
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ use std::env;
 use std::error;
 use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};
-use std::fs::{create_dir_all, File};
+use std::fs::{self, File};
 use std::io::Write;
-use std::panic::{catch_unwind, resume_unwind};
 use std::mem;
 use std::path::Path;
-use std::{ptr, str};
+use std::ptr;
+use std::str;
 use pretty_assertions;
 
 macro_rules! test_ptx {
@@ -247,21 +247,19 @@ fn test_llvm_assert<
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn error::Error + 'a>> {
     let ast = ptx_parser::parse_module_checked(ptx_text).unwrap();
     let llvm_ir = pass::to_llvm_module(ast).unwrap();
-    let actual_ll = llvm_ir.llvm_ir.print_as_asm();
-    let result = catch_unwind(||
-        pretty_assertions::assert_eq!(actual_ll, expected_ll));
-    if let Err(cause) = result {
-        // Write actual generated LLVM IR to directory specified by environment variable
-        // TEST_PTX_LLVM_FAIL_DIR if test fails
+    let actual_ll = llvm_ir.llvm_ir.print_module_to_string();
+    let actual_ll = actual_ll.to_str();
+    if actual_ll != expected_ll {
         let output_dir = env::var("TEST_PTX_LLVM_FAIL_DIR");
         if let Ok(output_dir) = output_dir {
             let output_dir = Path::new(&output_dir);
-            create_dir_all(&output_dir).unwrap();
+            fs::create_dir_all(&output_dir).unwrap();
             let output_file = output_dir.join(format!("{}.ll", name));
             let mut output_file = File::create(output_file).unwrap();
             output_file.write_all(actual_ll.as_bytes()).unwrap();
         }
-        resume_unwind(cause);
+        let comparison = pretty_assertions::StrComparison::new(actual_ll, expected_ll);
+        panic!("assertion failed: `(left == right)`\n\n{}", comparison);
     }
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -347,7 +345,7 @@ fn run_hip<Input: From<u8> + Copy + Debug, Output: From<u8> + Copy + Debug + Def
         unsafe { hipGetDevicePropertiesR0600(&mut dev_props, dev) }.unwrap();
         let elf_module = comgr::compile_bitcode(
             unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(dev_props.gcnArchName.as_ptr()) },
-            &*module.llvm_ir,
+            &*module.llvm_ir.write_bitcode_to_memory(),
             module.linked_bitcode(),
         )
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/zluda/src/impl/module.rs b/zluda/src/impl/module.rs
index b469a89..a881e16 100644
--- a/zluda/src/impl/module.rs
+++ b/zluda/src/impl/module.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub(crate) fn load_data(module: &mut CUmodule, image: *const std::ffi::c_void) -
     unsafe { hipGetDevicePropertiesR0600(&mut props, dev) }?;
     let elf_module = comgr::compile_bitcode(
         unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(props.gcnArchName.as_ptr()) },
-        &*llvm_module.llvm_ir,
+        &*llvm_module.llvm_ir.write_bitcode_to_memory(),
         llvm_module.linked_bitcode(),
     )
     .map_err(|_| CUerror::UNKNOWN)?;