diff --git a/ptx/src/ptx.lalrpop b/ptx/src/ptx.lalrpop
index b051b79..52c4c2c 100644
--- a/ptx/src/ptx.lalrpop
+++ b/ptx/src/ptx.lalrpop
@@ -403,6 +403,8 @@ Operand: ast::Operand<'input> = {
         let offset = offset.unwrap_with(errors);
         ast::Operand::RegOffset(r, offset)
     },
+    // TODO: start parsing whole constants sub-language:
+    //       https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#constants
     <o:Num> => {
         let offset = o.parse::<i128>();
         let offset = offset.unwrap_with(errors);
diff --git a/ptx/src/translate.rs b/ptx/src/translate.rs
index 3f7ce9d..15782bf 100644
--- a/ptx/src/translate.rs
+++ b/ptx/src/translate.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use crate::ast;
 use rspirv::dr;
-use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -59,7 +58,9 @@ impl TypeWordMap {
 struct IdWordMap<'a>(HashMap<&'a str, spirv::Word>);
 
 impl<'a> IdWordMap<'a> {
-    fn new() -> Self { IdWordMap(HashMap::new()) }
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        IdWordMap(HashMap::new())
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> IdWordMap<'a> {
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ fn emit_function<'a>(
                 builder.begin_block(Some(id))?;
             }
             ast::Statement::Variable(var) => panic!(),
-            ast::Statement::Instruction(_,_) => panic!(),
+            ast::Statement::Instruction(_, _) => panic!(),
         }
     }
     builder.ret()?;
@@ -136,22 +137,218 @@ fn emit_function<'a>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+// TODO: support scopes
+fn normalize_identifiers<'a>(func: Vec<ast::Statement<'a>>) -> Vec<Statement> {
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(func.len());
+    let mut id: u32 = 0;
+    let mut known_ids = HashMap::new();
+    let mut get_or_add = |key| {
+        *known_ids.entry(key).or_insert_with(|| {
+            id += 1;
+            id
+        })
+    };
+    for s in func {
+        if let Some(s) = Statement::from_ast(s, &mut get_or_add) {
+            result.push(s);
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+fn ssa_legalize(func: Vec<Statement>) -> Vec<Statement> {
+    vec![]
+}
+
 enum Statement {
-    Label,
-    Instruction(Instruction),
-    Phi(Vec<spirv::Word>)
+    Label(u32),
+    Instruction(Option<PredAt>, Instruction),
+    Phi(Vec<spirv::Word>),
+}
+
+impl Statement {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(s: ast::Statement<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Option<Self> {
+        match s {
+            ast::Statement::Label(name) => Some(Statement::Label(f(name))),
+            ast::Statement::Instruction(p, i) => Some(Statement::Instruction(
+                p.map(|p| PredAt::from_ast(p, f)),
+                Instruction::from_ast(i, f),
+            )),
+            ast::Statement::Variable(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct PredAt {
+    pub not: bool,
+    pub label: u32,
+}
+
+impl PredAt {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(p: ast::PredAt<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Self {
+        PredAt {
+            not: p.not,
+            label: f(p.label),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 enum Instruction {
-    Ld,
-    Mov,
-    Mul,
-    Add,
-    Setp,
-    Not,
-    Bra,
-    Cvt,
-    Shl,
-    At,
-    Ret,
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+    Ld(ast::LdData, Arg2),
+    Mov(ast::MovData, Arg2Mov),
+    Mul(ast::MulData, Arg3),
+    Add(ast::AddData, Arg3),
+    Setp(ast::SetpData, Arg4),
+    SetpBool(ast::SetpBoolData, Arg5),
+    Not(ast::NotData, Arg2),
+    Bra(ast::BraData, Arg1),
+    Cvt(ast::CvtData, Arg2),
+    Shl(ast::ShlData, Arg3),
+    St(ast::StData, Arg2),
+    At(ast::AtData, Arg1),
+    Ret(ast::RetData),
+}
+
+impl Instruction {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(i: ast::Instruction<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Self {
+        match i {
+            ast::Instruction::Ld(d, a) => Instruction::Ld(d, Arg2::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::Mov(d, a) => Instruction::Mov(d, Arg2Mov::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::Mul(d, a) => Instruction::Mul(d, Arg3::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::Add(d, a) => Instruction::Add(d, Arg3::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::Setp(d, a) => Instruction::Setp(d, Arg4::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::SetpBool(d, a) => Instruction::SetpBool(d, Arg5::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::Not(d, a) => Instruction::Not(d, Arg2::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::Bra(d, a) => Instruction::Bra(d, Arg1::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::Cvt(d, a) => Instruction::Cvt(d, Arg2::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::Shl(d, a) => Instruction::Shl(d, Arg3::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::St(d, a) => Instruction::St(d, Arg2::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::At(d, a) => Instruction::At(d, Arg1::from_ast(a, f)),
+            ast::Instruction::Ret(d) => Instruction::Ret(d),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Arg1 {
+    pub dst: u32,
+}
+
+impl Arg1 {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(a: ast::Arg1<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Self {
+        Arg1 { dst: f(a.dst) }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Arg2 {
+    pub dst: u32,
+    pub src: Operand,
+}
+
+impl Arg2 {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(a: ast::Arg2<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Self {
+        Arg2 {
+            dst: f(a.dst),
+            src: Operand::from_ast(a.src, f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Arg2Mov {
+    pub dst: u32,
+    pub src: MovOperand,
+}
+
+impl Arg2Mov {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(a: ast::Arg2Mov<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Self {
+        Arg2Mov {
+            dst: f(a.dst),
+            src: MovOperand::from_ast(a.src, f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Arg3 {
+    pub dst: u32,
+    pub src1: Operand,
+    pub src2: Operand,
+}
+
+impl Arg3 {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(a: ast::Arg3<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Self {
+        Arg3 {
+            dst: f(a.dst),
+            src1: Operand::from_ast(a.src1, f),
+            src2: Operand::from_ast(a.src2, f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Arg4 {
+    pub dst1: u32,
+    pub dst2: Option<u32>,
+    pub src1: Operand,
+    pub src2: Operand,
+}
+
+impl Arg4 {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(a: ast::Arg4<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Self {
+        Arg4 {
+            dst1: f(a.dst1),
+            dst2: a.dst2.map(|i| f(i)),
+            src1: Operand::from_ast(a.src1, f),
+            src2: Operand::from_ast(a.src2, f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Arg5 {
+    pub dst1: u32,
+    pub dst2: Option<u32>,
+    pub src1: Operand,
+    pub src2: Operand,
+    pub src3: Operand,
+}
+
+impl Arg5 {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(a: ast::Arg5<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Self {
+        Arg5 {
+            dst1: f(a.dst1),
+            dst2: a.dst2.map(|i| f(i)),
+            src1: Operand::from_ast(a.src1, f),
+            src2: Operand::from_ast(a.src2, f),
+            src3: Operand::from_ast(a.src3, f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub enum Operand {
+    Reg(u32),
+    RegOffset(u32, i32),
+    Imm(i128),
+}
+
+impl Operand {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(a: ast::Operand<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Self {
+        match a {
+            ast::Operand::Reg(i) => Operand::Reg(f(i)),
+            ast::Operand::RegOffset(i, o) => Operand::RegOffset(f(i), o),
+            ast::Operand::Imm(v) => Operand::Imm(v),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub enum MovOperand {
+    Op(Operand),
+    Vec(String, String),
+}
+
+impl MovOperand {
+    fn from_ast<'a, F: FnMut(&'a str) -> u32>(a: ast::MovOperand<'a>, f: &mut F) -> Self {
+        match a {
+            ast::MovOperand::Op(o) => MovOperand::Op(Operand::from_ast(o, f)),
+            ast::MovOperand::Vec(var, idx) => {
+                MovOperand::Vec(var.to_owned(), idx.to_string())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}