LibWeb: Implement ECDH.generateKey

This commit is contained in:
devgianlu 2024-11-17 18:14:13 +01:00 committed by Jelle Raaijmakers
commit 009f328308
Notes: github-actions[bot] 2024-11-21 10:46:20 +00:00
13 changed files with 1434 additions and 1 deletions

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function run_test(algorithmNames) {
var subtle = crypto.subtle; // Change to test prefixed implementations
setup({explicit_timeout: true});
// These tests check that generateKey throws an error, and that
// the error is of the right type, for a wide set of incorrect parameters.
//
// Error testing occurs by setting the parameter that should trigger the
// error to an invalid value, then combining that with all valid
// parameters that should be checked earlier by generateKey, and all
// valid and invalid parameters that should be checked later by
// generateKey.
//
// There are a lot of combinations of possible parameters for both
// success and failure modes, resulting in a very large number of tests
// performed.
// Setup: define the correct behaviors that should be sought, and create
// helper functions that generate all possible test parameters for
// different situations.
var allTestVectors = [ // Parameters that should work for generateKey
{name: "AES-CTR", resultType: CryptoKey, usages: ["encrypt", "decrypt", "wrapKey", "unwrapKey"], mandatoryUsages: []},
{name: "AES-CBC", resultType: CryptoKey, usages: ["encrypt", "decrypt", "wrapKey", "unwrapKey"], mandatoryUsages: []},
{name: "AES-GCM", resultType: CryptoKey, usages: ["encrypt", "decrypt", "wrapKey", "unwrapKey"], mandatoryUsages: []},
{name: "AES-KW", resultType: CryptoKey, usages: ["wrapKey", "unwrapKey"], mandatoryUsages: []},
{name: "HMAC", resultType: CryptoKey, usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: []},
{name: "RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: ["sign"]},
{name: "RSA-PSS", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: ["sign"]},
{name: "RSA-OAEP", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["encrypt", "decrypt", "wrapKey", "unwrapKey"], mandatoryUsages: ["decrypt", "unwrapKey"]},
{name: "ECDSA", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: ["sign"]},
{name: "ECDH", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"], mandatoryUsages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"]},
{name: "Ed25519", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: ["sign"]},
{name: "Ed448", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: ["sign"]},
{name: "X25519", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"], mandatoryUsages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"]},
{name: "X448", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"], mandatoryUsages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"]},
];
var testVectors = [];
if (algorithmNames && !Array.isArray(algorithmNames)) {
algorithmNames = [algorithmNames];
};
allTestVectors.forEach(function(vector) {
if (!algorithmNames || algorithmNames.includes(vector.name)) {
testVectors.push(vector);
}
});
function parameterString(algorithm, extractable, usages) {
if (typeof algorithm !== "object" && typeof algorithm !== "string") {
alert(algorithm);
}
var result = "(" +
objectToString(algorithm) + ", " +
objectToString(extractable) + ", " +
objectToString(usages) +
")";
return result;
}
// Test that a given combination of parameters results in an error,
// AND that it is the correct kind of error.
//
// Expected error is either a number, tested against the error code,
// or a string, tested against the error name.
function testError(algorithm, extractable, usages, expectedError, testTag) {
promise_test(function(test) {
return crypto.subtle.generateKey(algorithm, extractable, usages)
.then(function(result) {
assert_unreached("Operation succeeded, but should not have");
}, function(err) {
if (typeof expectedError === "number") {
assert_equals(err.code, expectedError, testTag + " not supported");
} else {
assert_equals(err.name, expectedError, testTag + " not supported");
}
});
}, testTag + ": generateKey" + parameterString(algorithm, extractable, usages));
}
// Given an algorithm name, create several invalid parameters.
function badAlgorithmPropertySpecifiersFor(algorithmName) {
var results = [];
if (algorithmName.toUpperCase().substring(0, 3) === "AES") {
// Specifier properties are name and length
[64, 127, 129, 255, 257, 512].forEach(function(length) {
results.push({name: algorithmName, length: length});
});
} else if (algorithmName.toUpperCase().substring(0, 3) === "RSA") {
[new Uint8Array([1]), new Uint8Array([1,0,0])].forEach(function(publicExponent) {
results.push({name: algorithmName, hash: "SHA-256", modulusLength: 1024, publicExponent: publicExponent});
});
} else if (algorithmName.toUpperCase().substring(0, 2) === "EC") {
["P-512", "Curve25519"].forEach(function(curveName) {
results.push({name: algorithmName, namedCurve: curveName});
});
}
return results;
}
// Don't create an exhaustive list of all invalid usages,
// because there would usually be nearly 2**8 of them,
// way too many to test. Instead, create every singleton
// of an illegal usage, and "poison" every valid usage
// with an illegal one.
function invalidUsages(validUsages, mandatoryUsages) {
var results = [];
var illegalUsages = [];
["encrypt", "decrypt", "sign", "verify", "wrapKey", "unwrapKey", "deriveKey", "deriveBits"].forEach(function(usage) {
if (!validUsages.includes(usage)) {
illegalUsages.push(usage);
}
});
var goodUsageCombinations = allValidUsages(validUsages, false, mandatoryUsages);
illegalUsages.forEach(function(illegalUsage) {
results.push([illegalUsage]);
goodUsageCombinations.forEach(function(usageCombination) {
results.push(usageCombination.concat([illegalUsage]));
});
});
return results;
}
// Now test for properly handling errors
// - Unsupported algorithm
// - Bad usages for algorithm
// - Bad key lengths
// Algorithm normalization should fail with "Not supported"
var badAlgorithmNames = [
"AES",
{name: "AES"},
{name: "AES", length: 128},
{name: "AES-CMAC", length: 128}, // Removed after CR
{name: "AES-CFB", length: 128}, // Removed after CR
{name: "HMAC", hash: "MD5"},
{name: "RSA", hash: "SHA-256", modulusLength: 2048, publicExponent: new Uint8Array([1,0,1])},
{name: "RSA-PSS", hash: "SHA", modulusLength: 2048, publicExponent: new Uint8Array([1,0,1])},
{name: "EC", namedCurve: "P521"}
];
// Algorithm normalization failures should be found first
// - all other parameters can be good or bad, should fail
// due to NotSupportedError.
badAlgorithmNames.forEach(function(algorithm) {
allValidUsages(["decrypt", "sign", "deriveBits"], true, []) // Small search space, shouldn't matter because should fail before used
.forEach(function(usages) {
[false, true, "RED", 7].forEach(function(extractable){
testError(algorithm, extractable, usages, "NotSupportedError", "Bad algorithm");
});
});
});
// Empty algorithm should fail with TypeError
allValidUsages(["decrypt", "sign", "deriveBits"], true, []) // Small search space, shouldn't matter because should fail before used
.forEach(function(usages) {
[false, true, "RED", 7].forEach(function(extractable){
testError({}, extractable, usages, "TypeError", "Empty algorithm");
});
});
// Algorithms normalize okay, but usages bad (though not empty).
// It shouldn't matter what other extractable is. Should fail
// due to SyntaxError
testVectors.forEach(function(vector) {
var name = vector.name;
allAlgorithmSpecifiersFor(name).forEach(function(algorithm) {
invalidUsages(vector.usages, vector.mandatoryUsages).forEach(function(usages) {
[true].forEach(function(extractable) {
testError(algorithm, extractable, usages, "SyntaxError", "Bad usages");
});
});
});
});
// Other algorithm properties should be checked next, so try good
// algorithm names and usages, but bad algorithm properties next.
// - Special case: normally bad usage [] isn't checked until after properties,
// so it's included in this test case. It should NOT cause an error.
testVectors.forEach(function(vector) {
var name = vector.name;
badAlgorithmPropertySpecifiersFor(name).forEach(function(algorithm) {
allValidUsages(vector.usages, true, vector.mandatoryUsages)
.forEach(function(usages) {
[false, true].forEach(function(extractable) {
if (name.substring(0,2) === "EC") {
testError(algorithm, extractable, usages, "NotSupportedError", "Bad algorithm property");
} else {
testError(algorithm, extractable, usages, "OperationError", "Bad algorithm property");
}
});
});
});
});
// The last thing that should be checked is empty usages (disallowed for secret and private keys).
testVectors.forEach(function(vector) {
var name = vector.name;
allAlgorithmSpecifiersFor(name).forEach(function(algorithm) {
var usages = [];
[false, true].forEach(function(extractable) {
testError(algorithm, extractable, usages, "SyntaxError", "Empty usages");
});
});
});
}

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<!doctype html>
<meta charset=utf-8>
<title>WebCryptoAPI: generateKey() for Failures</title>
<meta name="timeout" content="long">
<script>
self.GLOBAL = {
isWindow: function() { return true; },
isWorker: function() { return false; },
isShadowRealm: function() { return false; },
};
</script>
<script src="../../resources/testharness.js"></script>
<script src="../../resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
<script src="../util/helpers.js"></script>
<script src="failures.js"></script>
<div id=log></div>
<script src="../../WebCryptoAPI/generateKey/failures_ECDH.https.any.js"></script>

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// META: title=WebCryptoAPI: generateKey() for Failures
// META: timeout=long
// META: script=../util/helpers.js
// META: script=failures.js
run_test(["ECDH"]);

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function run_test(algorithmNames, slowTest) {
var subtle = crypto.subtle; // Change to test prefixed implementations
setup({explicit_timeout: true});
// These tests check that generateKey successfully creates keys
// when provided any of a wide set of correct parameters
// and that they can be exported afterwards.
//
// There are a lot of combinations of possible parameters,
// resulting in a very large number of tests
// performed.
// Setup: define the correct behaviors that should be sought, and create
// helper functions that generate all possible test parameters for
// different situations.
var allTestVectors = [ // Parameters that should work for generateKey
{name: "AES-CTR", resultType: CryptoKey, usages: ["encrypt", "decrypt", "wrapKey", "unwrapKey"], mandatoryUsages: []},
{name: "AES-CBC", resultType: CryptoKey, usages: ["encrypt", "decrypt", "wrapKey", "unwrapKey"], mandatoryUsages: []},
{name: "AES-GCM", resultType: CryptoKey, usages: ["encrypt", "decrypt", "wrapKey", "unwrapKey"], mandatoryUsages: []},
{name: "AES-KW", resultType: CryptoKey, usages: ["wrapKey", "unwrapKey"], mandatoryUsages: []},
{name: "HMAC", resultType: CryptoKey, usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: []},
{name: "RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: ["sign"]},
{name: "RSA-PSS", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: ["sign"]},
{name: "RSA-OAEP", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["encrypt", "decrypt", "wrapKey", "unwrapKey"], mandatoryUsages: ["decrypt", "unwrapKey"]},
{name: "ECDSA", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: ["sign"]},
{name: "ECDH", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"], mandatoryUsages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"]},
{name: "Ed25519", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: ["sign"]},
{name: "Ed448", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["sign", "verify"], mandatoryUsages: ["sign"]},
{name: "X25519", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"], mandatoryUsages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"]},
{name: "X448", resultType: "CryptoKeyPair", usages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"], mandatoryUsages: ["deriveKey", "deriveBits"]},
];
var testVectors = [];
if (algorithmNames && !Array.isArray(algorithmNames)) {
algorithmNames = [algorithmNames];
};
allTestVectors.forEach(function(vector) {
if (!algorithmNames || algorithmNames.includes(vector.name)) {
testVectors.push(vector);
}
});
function parameterString(algorithm, extractable, usages) {
var result = "(" +
objectToString(algorithm) + ", " +
objectToString(extractable) + ", " +
objectToString(usages) +
")";
return result;
}
// Test that a given combination of parameters is successful
function testSuccess(algorithm, extractable, usages, resultType, testTag) {
// algorithm, extractable, and usages are the generateKey parameters
// resultType is the expected result, either the CryptoKey object or "CryptoKeyPair"
// testTag is a string to prepend to the test name.
promise_test(function(test) {
return subtle.generateKey(algorithm, extractable, usages)
.then(function(result) {
if (resultType === "CryptoKeyPair") {
assert_goodCryptoKey(result.privateKey, algorithm, extractable, usages, "private");
assert_goodCryptoKey(result.publicKey, algorithm, true, usages, "public");
} else {
assert_goodCryptoKey(result, algorithm, extractable, usages, "secret");
}
return result;
}, function(err) {
assert_unreached("generateKey threw an unexpected error: " + err.toString());
})
.then(async function (result) {
if (resultType === "CryptoKeyPair") {
await Promise.all([
subtle.exportKey('jwk', result.publicKey),
subtle.exportKey('spki', result.publicKey),
result.publicKey.algorithm.name.startsWith('RSA') ? undefined : subtle.exportKey('raw', result.publicKey),
...(extractable ? [
subtle.exportKey('jwk', result.privateKey),
subtle.exportKey('pkcs8', result.privateKey),
] : [])
]);
} else {
if (extractable) {
await Promise.all([
subtle.exportKey('raw', result),
subtle.exportKey('jwk', result),
]);
}
}
}, function(err) {
assert_unreached("exportKey threw an unexpected error: " + err.toString());
})
}, testTag + ": generateKey" + parameterString(algorithm, extractable, usages));
}
// Test all valid sets of parameters for successful
// key generation.
testVectors.forEach(function(vector) {
allNameVariants(vector.name, slowTest).forEach(function(name) {
allAlgorithmSpecifiersFor(name).forEach(function(algorithm) {
allValidUsages(vector.usages, false, vector.mandatoryUsages).forEach(function(usages) {
[false, true].forEach(function(extractable) {
subsetTest(testSuccess, algorithm, extractable, usages, vector.resultType, "Success");
});
});
});
});
});
}

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<!doctype html>
<meta charset=utf-8>
<title>WebCryptoAPI: generateKey() Successful Calls</title>
<meta name="timeout" content="long">
<script>
self.GLOBAL = {
isWindow: function() { return true; },
isWorker: function() { return false; },
isShadowRealm: function() { return false; },
};
</script>
<script src="../../resources/testharness.js"></script>
<script src="../../resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
<script src="../util/helpers.js"></script>
<script src="../../common/subset-tests.js"></script>
<script src="successes.js"></script>
<div id=log></div>
<script src="../../WebCryptoAPI/generateKey/successes_ECDH.https.any.js"></script>

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// META: title=WebCryptoAPI: generateKey() Successful Calls
// META: timeout=long
// META: script=../util/helpers.js
// META: script=/common/subset-tests.js
// META: script=successes.js
run_test(["ECDH"]);

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//
// helpers.js
//
// Helper functions used by several WebCryptoAPI tests
//
var registeredAlgorithmNames = [
"RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5",
"RSA-PSS",
"RSA-OAEP",
"ECDSA",
"ECDH",
"AES-CTR",
"AES-CBC",
"AES-GCM",
"AES-KW",
"HMAC",
"SHA-1",
"SHA-256",
"SHA-384",
"SHA-512",
"HKDF",
"PBKDF2",
"Ed25519",
"Ed448",
"X25519",
"X448"
];
// Treats an array as a set, and generates an array of all non-empty
// subsets (which are themselves arrays).
//
// The order of members of the "subsets" is not guaranteed.
function allNonemptySubsetsOf(arr) {
var results = [];
var firstElement;
var remainingElements;
for(var i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
firstElement = arr[i];
remainingElements = arr.slice(i+1);
results.push([firstElement]);
if (remainingElements.length > 0) {
allNonemptySubsetsOf(remainingElements).forEach(function(combination) {
combination.push(firstElement);
results.push(combination);
});
}
}
return results;
}
// Create a string representation of keyGeneration parameters for
// test names and labels.
function objectToString(obj) {
var keyValuePairs = [];
if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
return "[" + obj.map(function(elem){return objectToString(elem);}).join(", ") + "]";
} else if (typeof obj === "object") {
Object.keys(obj).sort().forEach(function(keyName) {
keyValuePairs.push(keyName + ": " + objectToString(obj[keyName]));
});
return "{" + keyValuePairs.join(", ") + "}";
} else if (typeof obj === "undefined") {
return "undefined";
} else {
return obj.toString();
}
var keyValuePairs = [];
Object.keys(obj).sort().forEach(function(keyName) {
var value = obj[keyName];
if (typeof value === "object") {
value = objectToString(value);
} else if (typeof value === "array") {
value = "[" + value.map(function(elem){return objectToString(elem);}).join(", ") + "]";
} else {
value = value.toString();
}
keyValuePairs.push(keyName + ": " + value);
});
return "{" + keyValuePairs.join(", ") + "}";
}
// Is key a CryptoKey object with correct algorithm, extractable, and usages?
// Is it a secret, private, or public kind of key?
function assert_goodCryptoKey(key, algorithm, extractable, usages, kind) {
var correctUsages = [];
var registeredAlgorithmName;
registeredAlgorithmNames.forEach(function(name) {
if (name.toUpperCase() === algorithm.name.toUpperCase()) {
registeredAlgorithmName = name;
}
});
assert_equals(key.constructor, CryptoKey, "Is a CryptoKey");
assert_equals(key.type, kind, "Is a " + kind + " key");
assert_equals(key.extractable, extractable, "Extractability is correct");
assert_equals(key.algorithm.name, registeredAlgorithmName, "Correct algorithm name");
if (key.algorithm.name.toUpperCase() === "HMAC" && algorithm.length === undefined) {
switch (key.algorithm.hash.name.toUpperCase()) {
case 'SHA-1':
case 'SHA-256':
assert_equals(key.algorithm.length, 512, "Correct length");
break;
case 'SHA-384':
case 'SHA-512':
assert_equals(key.algorithm.length, 1024, "Correct length");
break;
default:
assert_unreached("Unrecognized hash");
}
} else {
assert_equals(key.algorithm.length, algorithm.length, "Correct length");
}
if (["HMAC", "RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5", "RSA-PSS"].includes(registeredAlgorithmName)) {
assert_equals(key.algorithm.hash.name.toUpperCase(), algorithm.hash.toUpperCase(), "Correct hash function");
}
if (/^(?:Ed|X)(?:25519|448)$/.test(key.algorithm.name)) {
assert_false('namedCurve' in key.algorithm, "Does not have a namedCurve property");
}
// usages is expected to be provided for a key pair, but we are checking
// only a single key. The publicKey and privateKey portions of a key pair
// recognize only some of the usages appropriate for a key pair.
if (key.type === "public") {
["encrypt", "verify", "wrapKey"].forEach(function(usage) {
if (usages.includes(usage)) {
correctUsages.push(usage);
}
});
} else if (key.type === "private") {
["decrypt", "sign", "unwrapKey", "deriveKey", "deriveBits"].forEach(function(usage) {
if (usages.includes(usage)) {
correctUsages.push(usage);
}
});
} else {
correctUsages = usages;
}
assert_equals((typeof key.usages), "object", key.type + " key.usages is an object");
assert_not_equals(key.usages, null, key.type + " key.usages isn't null");
// The usages parameter could have repeats, but the usages
// property of the result should not.
var usageCount = 0;
key.usages.forEach(function(usage) {
usageCount += 1;
assert_in_array(usage, correctUsages, "Has " + usage + " usage");
});
assert_equals(key.usages.length, usageCount, "usages property is correct");
assert_equals(key[Symbol.toStringTag], 'CryptoKey', "has the expected Symbol.toStringTag");
}
// The algorithm parameter is an object with a name and other
// properties. Given the name, generate all valid parameters.
function allAlgorithmSpecifiersFor(algorithmName) {
var results = [];
// RSA key generation is slow. Test a minimal set of parameters
var hashes = ["SHA-1", "SHA-256"];
// EC key generation is a lot faster. Check all curves in the spec
var curves = ["P-256", "P-384", "P-521"];
if (algorithmName.toUpperCase().substring(0, 3) === "AES") {
// Specifier properties are name and length
[128, 192, 256].forEach(function(length) {
results.push({name: algorithmName, length: length});
});
} else if (algorithmName.toUpperCase() === "HMAC") {
[
{hash: "SHA-1", length: 160},
{hash: "SHA-256", length: 256},
{hash: "SHA-384", length: 384},
{hash: "SHA-512", length: 512},
{hash: "SHA-1"},
{hash: "SHA-256"},
{hash: "SHA-384"},
{hash: "SHA-512"},
].forEach(function(hashAlgorithm) {
results.push({name: algorithmName, ...hashAlgorithm});
});
} else if (algorithmName.toUpperCase().substring(0, 3) === "RSA") {
hashes.forEach(function(hashName) {
results.push({name: algorithmName, hash: hashName, modulusLength: 2048, publicExponent: new Uint8Array([1,0,1])});
});
} else if (algorithmName.toUpperCase().substring(0, 2) === "EC") {
curves.forEach(function(curveName) {
results.push({name: algorithmName, namedCurve: curveName});
});
} else if (algorithmName.toUpperCase().substring(0, 1) === "X" || algorithmName.toUpperCase().substring(0, 2) === "ED") {
results.push({ name: algorithmName });
}
return results;
}
// Create every possible valid usages parameter, given legal
// usages. Note that an empty usages parameter is not always valid.
//
// There is an optional parameter - mandatoryUsages. If provided,
// it should be an array containing those usages of which one must be
// included.
function allValidUsages(validUsages, emptyIsValid, mandatoryUsages) {
if (typeof mandatoryUsages === "undefined") {
mandatoryUsages = [];
}
var okaySubsets = [];
allNonemptySubsetsOf(validUsages).forEach(function(subset) {
if (mandatoryUsages.length === 0) {
okaySubsets.push(subset);
} else {
for (var i=0; i<mandatoryUsages.length; i++) {
if (subset.includes(mandatoryUsages[i])) {
okaySubsets.push(subset);
return;
}
}
}
});
if (emptyIsValid && validUsages.length !== 0) {
okaySubsets.push([]);
}
okaySubsets.push(validUsages.concat(mandatoryUsages).concat(validUsages)); // Repeated values are allowed
return okaySubsets;
}
function unique(names) {
return [...new Set(names)];
}
// Algorithm name specifiers are case-insensitive. Generate several
// case variations of a given name.
function allNameVariants(name, slowTest) {
var upCaseName = name.toUpperCase();
var lowCaseName = name.toLowerCase();
var mixedCaseName = upCaseName.substring(0, 1) + lowCaseName.substring(1);
// for slow tests effectively cut the amount of work in third by only
// returning one variation
if (slowTest) return [mixedCaseName];
return unique([upCaseName, lowCaseName, mixedCaseName]);
}
// Builds a hex string representation for an array-like input.
// "bytes" can be an Array of bytes, an ArrayBuffer, or any TypedArray.
// The output looks like this:
// ab034c99
function bytesToHexString(bytes)
{
if (!bytes)
return null;
bytes = new Uint8Array(bytes);
var hexBytes = [];
for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; ++i) {
var byteString = bytes[i].toString(16);
if (byteString.length < 2)
byteString = "0" + byteString;
hexBytes.push(byteString);
}
return hexBytes.join("");
}
function hexStringToUint8Array(hexString)
{
if (hexString.length % 2 != 0)
throw "Invalid hexString";
var arrayBuffer = new Uint8Array(hexString.length / 2);
for (var i = 0; i < hexString.length; i += 2) {
var byteValue = parseInt(hexString.substr(i, 2), 16);
if (byteValue == NaN)
throw "Invalid hexString";
arrayBuffer[i/2] = byteValue;
}
return arrayBuffer;
}